Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Renal Function

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is intended to provide temporary extracorporeal respiratory support by the use of an artificial membrane lung in case of pulmonary failure unresponsive to conventional treatments. ECMO is indicated in case of high mortality risk, provided the underlying pathology is potentially reversible. In this chapter, we discuss the effects of venovenous ECMO on renal function in adult patients, focusing on the incidence and pathophysiology of renal failure in ECMO patients. Furthermore, we briefly describe the techniques available for combined ECMO and renal replacement therapy.