OBJECTIVE: Dental implants are successfully employed to treat partial or complete edentulism and the 15 year survival rate is higher than 90%. Their long-term success depends mainly on both osseointegration (the formation of an effective interface between implant and bone) and gingival attachment through junctional epithelium. Previously, scientific interest was mostly focused on bone-implant interaction, now the importance of soft tissue sealing has emerged. Indeed, to prevent mechanical instability and infection, epithelial cells must create a tight collar around the implant, as it happens physiologically around teeth. Therefore, the early attachment of gingival cells and their spreading play a critical role for the clinical outcome of dental implants. Research in dental implant material focuses on surface roughness, defined by the index of micro-irregularities Ra, which might promote osseointegration and inhibition of soft tissue attachment to the prosthesis. Here we explored the influence of surface roughness on adhesion, proliferation/viability, morphology and spreading of primary cell cultures isolated from soft tissues (human oral keratinocytes, hOKs, gingival progenitor cells, hGPCs, and epithelial cells, hECs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human primary cells were seeded on three clinical grade implants with different surface characteristics: machined (S1, Ra=0.3-0.6 µm), Ti-Unite® (S2, Ra=1.2 µm) and SLA® (S3, Ra=2 µm). Adhesion, vitality and spreading were analysed combining AlamarBlue® Cell Viability Assay with microscopic techniques (stereo- and confocal microscopy after Calcein staining). RESULTS: Cellular adhesion on S1 and S2 implants (36±2% and 44±7% respectively) was higher than on S3 (23±6%). In addition, cell proliferation slightly improved on the machined surface (+200±12% for S1, +155% for both S2 and S3). These results were confirmed by a microscopy-based analysis of cell morphology and spreading. Then, re-used biomaterials gave inconsistent results in vitro. CONCLUSION: Implant surface affects hOK and progenitor cell adhesion and proliferation. Appropriately designed in vitro studies may be predictive of the implant clinical outcome and we propose this strategy, combining viability assays and image-based analyses, as a reproducible and rapid first step in screening new materials for clinical purposes.
Monitoring oral and epithelial primary cells onto dental implants / C. Giannasi, S. Niada, G. Pagni, G. Rasperini, A.T. Brini. ((Intervento presentato al convegno GISM tenutosi a Brescia nel 2016.
Monitoring oral and epithelial primary cells onto dental implants
C. Giannasi;S. Niada;G. Rasperini;A.T. Brini
2016
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Dental implants are successfully employed to treat partial or complete edentulism and the 15 year survival rate is higher than 90%. Their long-term success depends mainly on both osseointegration (the formation of an effective interface between implant and bone) and gingival attachment through junctional epithelium. Previously, scientific interest was mostly focused on bone-implant interaction, now the importance of soft tissue sealing has emerged. Indeed, to prevent mechanical instability and infection, epithelial cells must create a tight collar around the implant, as it happens physiologically around teeth. Therefore, the early attachment of gingival cells and their spreading play a critical role for the clinical outcome of dental implants. Research in dental implant material focuses on surface roughness, defined by the index of micro-irregularities Ra, which might promote osseointegration and inhibition of soft tissue attachment to the prosthesis. Here we explored the influence of surface roughness on adhesion, proliferation/viability, morphology and spreading of primary cell cultures isolated from soft tissues (human oral keratinocytes, hOKs, gingival progenitor cells, hGPCs, and epithelial cells, hECs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human primary cells were seeded on three clinical grade implants with different surface characteristics: machined (S1, Ra=0.3-0.6 µm), Ti-Unite® (S2, Ra=1.2 µm) and SLA® (S3, Ra=2 µm). Adhesion, vitality and spreading were analysed combining AlamarBlue® Cell Viability Assay with microscopic techniques (stereo- and confocal microscopy after Calcein staining). RESULTS: Cellular adhesion on S1 and S2 implants (36±2% and 44±7% respectively) was higher than on S3 (23±6%). In addition, cell proliferation slightly improved on the machined surface (+200±12% for S1, +155% for both S2 and S3). These results were confirmed by a microscopy-based analysis of cell morphology and spreading. Then, re-used biomaterials gave inconsistent results in vitro. CONCLUSION: Implant surface affects hOK and progenitor cell adhesion and proliferation. Appropriately designed in vitro studies may be predictive of the implant clinical outcome and we propose this strategy, combining viability assays and image-based analyses, as a reproducible and rapid first step in screening new materials for clinical purposes.Pubblicazioni consigliate
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