In chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease patients cardiovascular disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality, with incidence of cardiac related mortality increasing as renal function declines. Even after controlling for traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, age, gender, dyslipidaemia, and arterial hypertension, patients with CKD have a higher incidence of major cardiovascular events. CKD is characterised by the presence of many other non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as chronic inflammation and accelerated atherosclerosis, oxidative stress, and especially, secondary hyperparathyroidism. This review will summarise the current evidence on vascular calcifications and valvular heart disease in CKD patients, from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies.
Vascular and valvular calcifications in chronic kidney disease : an update / L. Di Lullo, V. Barbera, A. Bellasi, M. Cozzolino, A. De Pascalis, D. Russo, L. Russo, F. Santoboni, A. Santoboni, C. Ronco. - In: EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL. NEPHROLOGY. - ISSN 2053-4248. - 4:1(2016 May 20), pp. 84-91.
Vascular and valvular calcifications in chronic kidney disease : an update
A. Bellasi;M. Cozzolino;
2016
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease patients cardiovascular disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality, with incidence of cardiac related mortality increasing as renal function declines. Even after controlling for traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, age, gender, dyslipidaemia, and arterial hypertension, patients with CKD have a higher incidence of major cardiovascular events. CKD is characterised by the presence of many other non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as chronic inflammation and accelerated atherosclerosis, oxidative stress, and especially, secondary hyperparathyroidism. This review will summarise the current evidence on vascular calcifications and valvular heart disease in CKD patients, from pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Calcifications in CKD EMJ Nephrology.pdf
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