Comparative ultrastructural study of the cuticle and spermatozoa in Propappus volki Michaelsen 1916 (Annelida: Clitellata)

The ultrastructure of the cuticle and mature spermatozoa of the oligochaete Propappus volki Michaelsen, 1916 is described with the aim of providing additional data for clarifying the systematic position of the taxon. P. volki is a fresh-water species living in streams, and is easily recognized by its proboscis on the pre-segmental prostomium and, in mature specimens, by a clitellum covering the segments XII–XIV. The cuticle is composed of a proximal fibre zone and a distal layered epicuticle covered with membrane-bound epicuticular projections. The fibre zone consists of collagenous fibres in a matrix, arranged in either densely packed parallel layers with the fibres oriented in the same direction, or with more loosely distributed fibres, although with the same main orientation. The epicuticular projections are pyramidal with the base leaning on the outer surface of the epicuticle. The cuticle covering the proboscis differs in morphology from that of the rest of the worm; the fibre zone is composed of thin and short fibrils running in all directions, and the epicuticular projections are longer and more narrow than the projections in other regions of the worm. The spermatozoa are filiform cells formed, in sequence, by an acrosome, an elongated nucleus, a long midpiece, and a flagellum. The acrosomal tube is short and straight with a completely external acrosomal vesicle. Following the acrosome is a apically corkscrew-shaped and basally straight nucleus. The midpiece is twisted and formed by five mitochondria. The flagellum shows a prominent central sheath arrangement. A comparison with ultrastructurally described cuticles and spermatozoa from other clitellate species reveals most similarities with enchytraeids.