Background: Nitazoxanide (Alinia®, NTZ) and tizoxanide (TIZ), its active circulating metabolite, belong to a new class of agents known as thiazolides (TZD) that are endowed with a broad anti-infective activity. TIZ and RM-4848, the active circulating metabolite of the new generation thiazolide RM-5038, were also recently shown to potently stimulate innate immunity in vitro. Because natural resistance to HIV-1 infection in HIV-exposed seronegative (HESN) individuals is associated with strong innate immune responses, we verified whether TIZ and RM4848 could reduce in vitro susceptibility to HIV-1. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 20 healthy donors were infected in vitro with HIV-1BaL in the presence/absence of TIZ or RM-4848. HIV-1 p24 was measured 7 and 10 days post infection. The immunomodulatory abilities of TZD and RM-4848 were evaluated by examining the expression of genes that are part of the type I IFN pathway and are stimulated by IFN (ISGs), as well as the downstream production of cytokines and chemokines. Results: TIZ and RM-4848 drastically (>87%) and consistently inhibited in vitro HIV-1 replication. This was associated with the activation of innate immune responses and with the up-regulation of several ISGs, including those involved in cholesterol metabolism and efflux and in particular cholesterol-25 hydroxylase (CH25H). Conclusions: Thiazolides inhibit HIV-1 replication in vitro possibly as a result of their ability to stimulate potent and multifaceted antiviral immune responses. These data warrant the exploration of thiazolides as preventive/therapeutic agent in HIV infection.
Thiazolides elicit anti-viral innate immunity and drastically reduce HIV replication in vitro / M. Masetti, D. Trabattoni, F. Gnudi, S.V. Ibba, I. Saulle, M. Garziano, A. Berzi, M. Biasin, J. Rossignol, M. Clerici. ((Intervento presentato al 7. convegno ICAR tenutosi a Riccione nel 2015.
Thiazolides elicit anti-viral innate immunity and drastically reduce HIV replication in vitro
M. Masetti;D. Trabattoni;F. Gnudi;S.V. Ibba;I. Saulle;M. Garziano;A. Berzi;M. Biasin;M. Clerici
2015
Abstract
Background: Nitazoxanide (Alinia®, NTZ) and tizoxanide (TIZ), its active circulating metabolite, belong to a new class of agents known as thiazolides (TZD) that are endowed with a broad anti-infective activity. TIZ and RM-4848, the active circulating metabolite of the new generation thiazolide RM-5038, were also recently shown to potently stimulate innate immunity in vitro. Because natural resistance to HIV-1 infection in HIV-exposed seronegative (HESN) individuals is associated with strong innate immune responses, we verified whether TIZ and RM4848 could reduce in vitro susceptibility to HIV-1. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 20 healthy donors were infected in vitro with HIV-1BaL in the presence/absence of TIZ or RM-4848. HIV-1 p24 was measured 7 and 10 days post infection. The immunomodulatory abilities of TZD and RM-4848 were evaluated by examining the expression of genes that are part of the type I IFN pathway and are stimulated by IFN (ISGs), as well as the downstream production of cytokines and chemokines. Results: TIZ and RM-4848 drastically (>87%) and consistently inhibited in vitro HIV-1 replication. This was associated with the activation of innate immune responses and with the up-regulation of several ISGs, including those involved in cholesterol metabolism and efflux and in particular cholesterol-25 hydroxylase (CH25H). Conclusions: Thiazolides inhibit HIV-1 replication in vitro possibly as a result of their ability to stimulate potent and multifaceted antiviral immune responses. These data warrant the exploration of thiazolides as preventive/therapeutic agent in HIV infection.Pubblicazioni consigliate
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