We present the first hybrid measurement of the average muon number in air showers at ultrahigh energies, initiated by cosmic rays with zenith angles between 62° and 80°. The measurement is based on 174 hybrid events recorded simultaneously with the surface detector array and the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The muon number for each shower is derived by scaling a simulated reference profile of the lateral muon density distribution at the ground until it fits the data. A 1019 eV shower with a zenith angle of 67°, which arrives at the surface detector array at an altitude of 1450 m above sea level, contains on average (2.68±0.04±0.48(sys))×107 muons with energies larger than 0.3 GeV. The logarithmic gain dlnNμ/dlnE of muons with increasing energy between 4×1018 eV and 5×1019 eV is measured to be (1.029±0.024±0.030(sys)).
Muons in air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory : mean number in highly inclined events / A. Aab, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, E. Ahn, I. A.l Samarai, I. Albuquerque, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, C. Aramo, V. Aranda, F. Arqueros, H. Asorey, P. Assis, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, A. Badescu, K. Barber, J. Bäuml, C. Baus, J. Beatty, K. Becker, J.. Bellido, C. Berat, M. Bertaina, X. Bertou, P. Biermann, P. Billoir, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancus, P. Brogueira, W. Brown, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, S. Buitink, M. Buscemi, K. Caballero-Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caccianiga, M. Candusso, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, A. Chavez, A. Chiavassa, J. Chinellato, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R. Clay, G. Cocciolo, R. Colalillo, A. Coleman, L. Collica, M. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contreras, M. Cooper, A. Cordier, S. Coutu, C. Covault, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B. Dawson, R. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, S. de Jong, J. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, J. de Oliveira, V. de Souza, L. del Peral, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, A. Di Matteo, J. Diaz, M. Díaz Castro, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docters, J. D’Olivo, A. Dorofeev, Q. Dorosti Hasankiadeh, M. Dova, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, M. Erfani, C. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Luis, H. Falcke, K. Fang, G. Farrar, A. . Fauth, N. Fazzini, A. . Ferguson, M. Fernandes, B. Fick, J. . Figueira, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, B. . Fox, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuchs, T. Fujii, R. Gaior, B. García, S. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, G. Garilli, A. Gascon Bravo, F. Gate, H. Gemmeke, P. Ghia, U. Giaccari, M. Giammarchi, M. Giller, C. Glaser, H. Glass, M. Gómez Berisso, P. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalves, J. Gonzalez, N. González, B. Gookin, J. Gordon, A. Gorgi, P. Gorham, P. Gouffon, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, A. . Grillo, T. . Grubb, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G. Guedes, M. Hampel, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T. Harrison, S. Hartmann, J. Harton, A. Haungs, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, P. Heimann, A. Herve, G. Hill, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, E. Holt, P. Homola, J. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, P. Isar, K. Islo, I. Jandt, S. Jansen, C. Jarne, M. Josebachuili, A. Kääpä, O. Kambeitz, K. Kampert, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, E. Kemp, R. Kieckhafer, H. Klages, M. Kleifges, J. Kleinfeller, R. Krause, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Kuempel, N. Kunka, D. Lahurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, M. Lauscher, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M. . Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M. . Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, M. Malacari, S. Maldera, M. Mallamaci, J. Maller, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A. . Mariazzi, V. Marin, I. . Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, D. Martraire, J. Masías Meza, H. . Mathes, S. Mathys, J. . Matthews, A. . Matthews, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, E. Mayotte, P. . Mazur, C. Medina, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissas, D. Melo, A. Menshikov, S. Messina, R. Meyhandan, S. Mićanović, M. . Micheletti, L. Middendorf, I. Minaya, L. Miramonti, B. Mitrica, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, C. Morello, M. Mostafá, C. Moura, M. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, S. Navas, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelles, J. Neuser, D. Newton, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, T. Niggemann, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. Nožka, L. Ochilo, A. Olinto, M. Oliveira, V. . Olmos-Gilbaja, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, P. Papenbreer, G. Parente, A. Parra, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, I. . Pepe, L. Perrone, E. Petermann, C. Peters, S. Petrera, Y. Petrov, J. Phuntsok, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, A. Porcelli, C. Porowski, R. Prado, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, V. Purrello, E. Quel, S. Querchfeld, S. Quinn, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, V. Rizi, J. Roberts, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M. Rodríguez-Frías, G. Ros, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. Rovero, S. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, A. Saleh, F. Salesa Greus, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, P. Sanchez-Lucas, C. . Santo, E. Santos, E. . Santos, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, P. Schovánek, F. . Schröder, A. Schulz, J. Schulz, J. Schumacher, S. . Sciutto, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R. . Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G. . Snow, P. Sommers, J. Sorokin, R. Squartini, Y. . Srivastava, S. Stanič, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A. . Supanitsky, M. . Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, O. . Taborda, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, A. Tepe, V. Theodoro, C. Timmermans, C. . Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, G. Torralba Elipe, D. Torres Machado, P. Travnicek, E. Trovato, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. . Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. van Aar, A. . van den Berg, S. van Velzen, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdenas, G. Varner, J. . Vázquez, R. . Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, B. Vlcek, S. Vorobiov, H. Wahlberg, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A. . Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, A. Widom, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. Williams, T. Winchen, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, S. Wykes, T. Yamamoto, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano, E. Zas, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw, A. Zepeda, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski, F. Zuccarello. - In: PHYSICAL REVIEW D, PARTICLES, FIELDS, GRAVITATION, AND COSMOLOGY. - ISSN 1550-7998. - 91:3(2015), pp. 032003.1-032003.12. [10.1103/PhysRevD.91.032003]
Muons in air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory : mean number in highly inclined events
B. Caccianiga;L. Caccianiga;L. Collica;M. Mallamaci;L. Miramonti;
2015
Abstract
We present the first hybrid measurement of the average muon number in air showers at ultrahigh energies, initiated by cosmic rays with zenith angles between 62° and 80°. The measurement is based on 174 hybrid events recorded simultaneously with the surface detector array and the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The muon number for each shower is derived by scaling a simulated reference profile of the lateral muon density distribution at the ground until it fits the data. A 1019 eV shower with a zenith angle of 67°, which arrives at the surface detector array at an altitude of 1450 m above sea level, contains on average (2.68±0.04±0.48(sys))×107 muons with energies larger than 0.3 GeV. The logarithmic gain dlnNμ/dlnE of muons with increasing energy between 4×1018 eV and 5×1019 eV is measured to be (1.029±0.024±0.030(sys)).File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
1408.1421.pdf
accesso aperto
Tipologia:
Publisher's version/PDF
Dimensione
332.02 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
332.02 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
Pubblicazioni consigliate
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.