Peripheral proprioceptors of the muscles and the joints have a feedback control on the vestibular nuclei through the spino-vestibular pathways. Neuromuscular spindles and Golgi receptors are dynamometers and they are particularly sensitive to variations in muscle length and tension. Joint receptors, Ruffini and Golgi bodies, give information regarding the position of a joint and its movement. The portion of the neck including the first three vertebrae is particularly involved during the major part of everyday head movements [1, 2].
Vestibular Electrical Stimulation / A. Cesarani, D.C. Alpini, E. Filipponi - In: Whiplash injuries : diagnosis and treatment / [a cura di] D.C. Alpini, G. Brugnoni, A. Cesarani. - 2. ed. - Berlin : Springer, 2014. - ISBN 9788847054868. - pp. 315-320 [10.1007/978-88-470-5486-8_30]
Vestibular Electrical Stimulation
A. CesaraniPrimo
;
2014
Abstract
Peripheral proprioceptors of the muscles and the joints have a feedback control on the vestibular nuclei through the spino-vestibular pathways. Neuromuscular spindles and Golgi receptors are dynamometers and they are particularly sensitive to variations in muscle length and tension. Joint receptors, Ruffini and Golgi bodies, give information regarding the position of a joint and its movement. The portion of the neck including the first three vertebrae is particularly involved during the major part of everyday head movements [1, 2].
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