Noroviruses are members of the Caliciviridae family of positive sense RNA viruses. In humans Noroviruses cause rapid onset diarrhea and vomiting. Currently Norovirus infection is responsible for 21 million gastroenteritis yearly cases in the USA. Nevertheless, despite the obvious public health and socio-economic relevance, no effective vaccines/antivirals are yet available to treat Norovirus infection. Since the activity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) plays a key role in genome replication and in the synthesis/amplification of subgenomic RNA, the enzyme is considered a promising target for antiviral drug development. In this context, following the identification of suramin and NF023 as Norovirus RdRp inhibitors, we analyzed the potential inhibitory role of naphthalene di-sulfonate (NAF2), a fragment derived from these two molecules. Although NAF2, tested in enzymatic polymerase inhibition assays, displayed low activity against RdRp (IC50 = 14 μM), the crystal structure of human Norovirus RdRp revealed a thumb domain NAF2 binding site that differs from that characterized for NF023/suramin. To further map the new potential inhibitory site, we focused on the structurally related molecule pyridoxal-5′-phosphate-6-(2′-naphthylazo-6′-nitro-4′, 8′-disulfonate) tetrasodium salt (PPNDS). PPNDS displayed below-micromolar inhibitory activity versus human Norovirus RdRp (IC50 = 0.45 μM), similarly to suramin and NF023. Inspection of the crystal structure of the RdRp/PPNDS complex showed that the inhibitor bound to the NAF2 thumb domain site, highlighting the relevance of such new binding site for exploiting Norovirus RdRp inhibitors. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Naphthalene-sulfonate inhibitors of human norovirus RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase / D. Tarantino, M. Pezzullo, E. Mastrangelo, R. Croci, J. Rohayem, I. Robel, M. Bolognesi, M. Milani. - In: ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH. - ISSN 0166-3542. - 102:1(2014 Feb), pp. 23-28. [10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.11.016]

Naphthalene-sulfonate inhibitors of human norovirus RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase

D. Tarantino
Primo
;
M. Pezzullo
Secondo
;
E. Mastrangelo;R. Croci;M. Bolognesi
Penultimo
;
2014

Abstract

Noroviruses are members of the Caliciviridae family of positive sense RNA viruses. In humans Noroviruses cause rapid onset diarrhea and vomiting. Currently Norovirus infection is responsible for 21 million gastroenteritis yearly cases in the USA. Nevertheless, despite the obvious public health and socio-economic relevance, no effective vaccines/antivirals are yet available to treat Norovirus infection. Since the activity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) plays a key role in genome replication and in the synthesis/amplification of subgenomic RNA, the enzyme is considered a promising target for antiviral drug development. In this context, following the identification of suramin and NF023 as Norovirus RdRp inhibitors, we analyzed the potential inhibitory role of naphthalene di-sulfonate (NAF2), a fragment derived from these two molecules. Although NAF2, tested in enzymatic polymerase inhibition assays, displayed low activity against RdRp (IC50 = 14 μM), the crystal structure of human Norovirus RdRp revealed a thumb domain NAF2 binding site that differs from that characterized for NF023/suramin. To further map the new potential inhibitory site, we focused on the structurally related molecule pyridoxal-5′-phosphate-6-(2′-naphthylazo-6′-nitro-4′, 8′-disulfonate) tetrasodium salt (PPNDS). PPNDS displayed below-micromolar inhibitory activity versus human Norovirus RdRp (IC50 = 0.45 μM), similarly to suramin and NF023. Inspection of the crystal structure of the RdRp/PPNDS complex showed that the inhibitor bound to the NAF2 thumb domain site, highlighting the relevance of such new binding site for exploiting Norovirus RdRp inhibitors. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Antiviral discovery; Caliciviridae; Naphthalene-sulfonate; Norovirus; RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; X-ray crystallography
Settore BIO/10 - Biochimica
   Small-molecule Inhibitor Leads Versus emerging and neglected RNA viruses
   SILVER
   EUROPEAN COMMISSION
   FP7
   260644
feb-2014
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/243791
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