Dental Bleaching : The state of art

When people meeting, an important role is played by smile. lt doesn't show only person's emotions, but it is a great instrument for verbal and non verbal communication. The awareness of the smile's importance bring a progressive increase in bleaching demand. The aim of this work is the presentation of the state of the art on the dental bleaching in office and at home. Bleaching methods are classified in follow category: Dentist administered bleaching: it is made with hydrogen peroxide (35-50%) or carbammide peroxide (35-40%) at high percentage. Often it is activated by light. Dentist supervised bleaching: it uses covers with carbammide peroxide (35-40%) at high percentage. Such covers stay in mouth from thirty minutes to two hours, when patient is in office. Dentist provided bleaching: home bleaching or night guard bleaching is a bleaching that is managed by patient with 5-22% carbammide peroxide. Dentist examines patients before and after the procedure. Over the counter products: patient buy it at chemistry, without dentist supervision. Collateral effects are more or less important depending on treatment type and on patient susceptibility. it reduces progressively until to disappear when the bleaching process is finished. Some authors think that sensibility persists about four days after treatment end on average. Other authors say sensibility can remain until to thirty-nine days too. Actually, valid explanations about its origins does not exist. In-vitro experiments demonstrate that bleaching products penetrates into enamel and dentin towards pulp. Also gingival irritation is an collateral effect that is often present, but it can be avoid easily using correct bleaching methods and for correct time. For the alteration on enamel surface, overall the loss of enamel aprismatic layer, there are several studies that show this phenomena after bleaching treatment. These can also be an effect of these substance on restorative with increase of mercury release from amalgams. Other studies have showed an effect of bleaching substances on adhesive gripping of composite resins. For this reason it is important to don’t make adhesive restorative just after bleaching. Scientific literature avoid complications, they have to be used always under specialist supervision.