Aim: To determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and the neuromuscular system variations in scuba divers of the Navy and to identify the risk factors for the development of TMD signs and symptoms before and after diving by the use of a questionnaire, electromyography, stabilography, spirometry, and Cone Beam CT. Materials and Methods: 20 males individuals participated in the research aged 30 to 42 years. Each diver answered a questionnaire and undergone to neuromuscular tests, muscular and postural exams before and after diving, to CBCT and to spirometry to evaluate respiratory function. Results: The prevalence of TMD symptoms after diving was about 93% versus a 32% before diving, the neuromuscular answers after diving (T3) were highly different from rest situation before immersion (T0): percent overlapping coefficient T0-T3 p=0,0001 (p<0,001); impact T0-T3 p=0.0087 (p<0,01); also postural aspect were different after diving (p<0.01). Clenching seemed to be the greatest risk factor for pain in the masticatory muscle system while holding the mouth piece and after diving. Limited mouth opening and clenching were responsible for the symptoms in temporomandibular joint after the dive. Exposure to cold water for long periods of time causes the mandible to protrude and, together the tendency to bite harder on one side, can bring to dysfunction. Conclusions: Scuba divers exhibiting TMD-related symptoms have met the greatest risk of developing TMJ dysfunction and neuromuscular changes during and after the dive. But also in asymptomatic divers, before the dive, TMD is a common problem after it.
Scopi del lavoro: Determinare la prevalenza dei disordini temporo-mandibolari e le risposte neuromuscolari nei subacquei ed incursori della Marina Militare ed identificare i fattori di rischio per lo sviluppo di segni e sintomi di disfunzione articolare prima e dopo le immersioni, mediante un questionario, l’elettromiografia, la stabilometria, la spirometria e la TC Cone Beam. Materiali e Metodi: Sono stati considerati 20 soggetti maschi, età compresa tra 30 e 42 anni. Ogni subacqueo ha risposto ad un questionario, si è sottoposto ad esami muscolari (EMG) e posturali prima e dopo l’immersione. Tutti sono stati indagati con TC Cone Beam e spirometria per valutare la funzionalità respiratoria. Risultati: La prevalenza dei sintomi correlati alla patologia articolare dopo le immersioni aveva raggiunto il 93% contro un 26% di disordini prima delle immersioni. Le risposte neuromuscolari sono risultate molto significative al termine delle immersioni (T3) rispetto a prima della stessa (T0) e una differenza altamente significativa (P<0.001) per la risposta muscolare e molto significativa per la risposta posturale (p<0.01). Fattori di rischio di scatenamento del dolore muscolare durante e dopo l’immersione, risultano il serramento del boccaglio e l’apertura limitata della bocca, l’esposizione prolungata all’acqua fredda e la tendenza a serrare solo da una parte. Tutto ciò può portare alla disfunzione dell’ATM. Conclusioni: I subacquei e gli incursori che evidenziavano già prima dei disturbi correlati alla patologia dell’ATM, hanno sviluppato disfunzione dopo le immersioni. Ma anche gli individui asintomatici all’inizio hanno sviluppato disturbi craniomandibolari durante e dopo l’immersione.
Prevalenza dei disordini craniomandibolari nei subacquei ed incursori delle Forze Speciali della Marina Militare : indagini strumentali - Prevalence of craniomandibular disorders in Navy Scuba divers and raiders : diagnostic tools / U. Garagiola, S. Pozzi Taubert, C. Batia, R. Soldo. ((Intervento presentato al 24. convegno SIDO INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS tenutosi a Firenze nel 2012.
Prevalenza dei disordini craniomandibolari nei subacquei ed incursori delle Forze Speciali della Marina Militare : indagini strumentali - Prevalence of craniomandibular disorders in Navy Scuba divers and raiders : diagnostic tools
U. GaragiolaPrimo
;
2012
Abstract
Aim: To determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and the neuromuscular system variations in scuba divers of the Navy and to identify the risk factors for the development of TMD signs and symptoms before and after diving by the use of a questionnaire, electromyography, stabilography, spirometry, and Cone Beam CT. Materials and Methods: 20 males individuals participated in the research aged 30 to 42 years. Each diver answered a questionnaire and undergone to neuromuscular tests, muscular and postural exams before and after diving, to CBCT and to spirometry to evaluate respiratory function. Results: The prevalence of TMD symptoms after diving was about 93% versus a 32% before diving, the neuromuscular answers after diving (T3) were highly different from rest situation before immersion (T0): percent overlapping coefficient T0-T3 p=0,0001 (p<0,001); impact T0-T3 p=0.0087 (p<0,01); also postural aspect were different after diving (p<0.01). Clenching seemed to be the greatest risk factor for pain in the masticatory muscle system while holding the mouth piece and after diving. Limited mouth opening and clenching were responsible for the symptoms in temporomandibular joint after the dive. Exposure to cold water for long periods of time causes the mandible to protrude and, together the tendency to bite harder on one side, can bring to dysfunction. Conclusions: Scuba divers exhibiting TMD-related symptoms have met the greatest risk of developing TMJ dysfunction and neuromuscular changes during and after the dive. But also in asymptomatic divers, before the dive, TMD is a common problem after it.Pubblicazioni consigliate
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