La Scuola matematica pisana (1860-1960)

For some seventy years after Italian unification, mathematics at Pisa developed under Enrico Betti and his pupils Ulisse Dini and Luigi Bianchi. Their work truly created a "school" which provided a benchmark for the study of mathematics in Italy. Between Italian Unification and the end of the 19th century, Betti's School turned out many of the most brilliant exponents of mathematics in Italy, such as Dini, Giulio Ascoli, Cesare Arzelà , Salvatore Pincherle, Luigi Bianchi, Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro, Vito Volterra and Federigo Enriques. After Betti died, first Dini then Bianchi kept the Pisa School at the forefront in the development of mathematics in Italy, with students such as Guido Fubini, Giovanni Sansone, Luigi Fantappiè Giuseppe Vitali, Eugenio Elia Levi, Mauro Picone, Enea Bortolotti, Giacomo Albanese, Gaetano Scorza, all major Italian mathematicians. That phase ended when Bianchi died and the study of mathematics at Pisa was revived with the appointment of Leonida Tonelli who taught at Pisa from 1930 until the end of World War II. Finally, from the 1950s onward, a pupil of Tonelli's, Alessandro Faedo, played a determining role as the primemover behind the flowering of mathematics at Pisa which took place in the 1960s.