Oesophageal motility and bolus transit abnormalities increase in parallel with the severity of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

BACKGROUND:Limited data are available regarding the frequency of oesophageal motility and bolus transit abnormalities in subgroups of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD). AIM:To assess oesophageal motility and bolus transit in endoscopically defined GERD subgroups. METHODS:Patients (N=755) with typical reflux symptoms underwent upper endoscopy, conventional or impedance oesophageal manometry and/or impedance-pH testing. They were divided into: erosive oesophagitis (EO; N=340), Barrett Oesophagus (BO; N=106), non-erosive reflux disease (NERD; endoscopy-, abnormal pH and/or SAP/SI+; N=239) and functional heartburn (FH; endoscopy-, normal pH and SAP/SI-; N=70). Manometric patterns and bolus transit were defined according to previously published criteria. RESULTS:Increasing GERD severity was associated with decreased lower oesophageal sphincter resting pressure (P< 0.05) and distal oesophageal amplitude (P<0.01), higher prevalence of hiatal hernia (P<0.01) and increased prevalence of ineffective oesophageal motility (P<0.01). Patients with EO and BO had a significantly lower percentage of complete bolus transit compared with NERD and FH (P<0.01). Overall, abnormal bolus transit (ABT) for liquid swallows was found in 12% of FH, 20% of NERD, 54% of EO and 56% of BO (P<0.01). Combined impedance-manometry showed abnormal oesophageal function in 4% of FH, 4% of NERD, 22% of EO and 21% of BO patients with normal oesophageal manometry. CONCLUSIONS:Oesophageal motility abnormalities increase in parallel with the severity of GERD from NERD to EO and BO. Bolus transit abnormalities in severe reflux disease underscore the importance of impaired oesophageal function in the development of mucosal injury.