Dal 2D al 3D nella diagnosi e pianificazione terapeutica dei canini mascellari inclusi = From 2D to 3D in the diagnosis and treatment planning of maxillary impacted canines

Objectives The aim of this article is to present the progress in diagnosis and treatment planning of maxillary impacted canines, thanks to the introduction of three-dimensional X-ray techniques into clinical practice, such as the different types of computed tomography, and of the modern softwares which permit the digital reprocessing of DICOM data. Materials and methods The main features of the 3D evaluation techniques are described with examples of spatial localization of impacted elements, presenting the different functions available with the modern softwares that allow 3D reconstruction. Results The impaction of permanent upper canines is an eruption anomaly, whose prevalence is 1–3%. It is a complex problem that may lead to severe complications, and requires an accurate diagnosis associated to an individual treatment plan, both now possible thanks to modern three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual simulation. Conclusion The many opportunities in diagnosis and treatment planning, now available thanks to the radiologic and software development, and are constantly evolving. Therefore a continuous update is necessary for the clinician to be able to offer the patients the best possible treatment.