Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a relevant health problem due to its worldwide increasing prevalence and the morbidity and mortality linked to its complications. Since the early stages of CKD, although patients are completely asymptomatic, important mineral homeostasis disorders occur. These disorders, involving serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D, have a striking impact on patient prognosis as they affect the cardiovascular system. The new term of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disease (CKD-MBD) was introduced to label bone disease during CKD as a systemic disorder tightly linked to cardiovascular calcifications and disabilities. Vitamin D deficiency has a main role in the pathogenesis of CKD-MBD, throughout the pleiotropic actions of this hormone. Vitamin D receptors (VDRs) are ubiquitous and their activation has shown protective effects against secondary hyperparathyroidism development and anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, immunomodulating, anti-proliferative, anti-diabetic and anti-proteinuric properties. These mechanisms explain, at least in part, vitamin D status influence in avoiding and delaying cardiovascular disease and CKD progression. These findings strongly support the importance of an early diagnosis of mineral homeostasis disorders in CKD and the need for correction of vitamin D deficiency to prevent related disabilities and major events.
Riassunto. L’insufficienza renale cronica (IRC) rappresenta oggigiorno un importante problema di salute pubblica in considerazione della sua prevalenza in aumento e della morbilità e mortalità correlate alle sue complicanze. Sebbene l’IRC sia asintomatica fino agli stadi terminali di malattia, precocemente si manifestano importanti anomalie dell’omeostasi minerale che comprendono i livelli sierici di calcio, fosforo, vitamina D e paratormone (PTH). Queste alterazioni metaboliche hanno un forte impatto sulla storia clinica e sulla prognosi dei pazienti affetti da IRC, dal momento che sono correlate con lo sviluppo di complicanze cardiovascolari. Il termine Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disease (CKD-MBD) è stato coniato per dare una nuova definizione alla malattia ossea in corso di CKD, connotandola come un disordine sistemico strettamente legato allo sviluppo di calcificazioni vascolari e all’insorgenza di problematiche cardiovascolari. Il deficit di vitamina D ha un ruolo centrale nella patogenesi della CKD-MBD. La vitamina D, infatti, mediante il legame con suoi specifici recettori (VDRs), ubiquitari nell’organismo, esercita numerose azioni pleiotropiche quali la inibizione sullo sviluppo dell’iperparatiroidismo secondario, effetti anti-ipertensivi, anti-infiammatori, anti-fibrotici, immunomodulanti, anti-proliferativi, anti-diabetici ed anti-proteinurici. Questi meccanismi spiegano, almeno in parte, come lo stato della vitamina D possa influenzare in modo rilevante lo sviluppo di complicanze cardiovascolari e la progressione del danno renale in corso di CKD. Tali osservazioni confermano l’importanza di una diagnosi precoce dei disturbi dell’omeostasi minerale in corso di CKD e la necessità di correggere il deficit di vitamina D per evitare lo sviluppo di problematiche cardiovascolari e degli eventi maggiori ad esse correlate.
Ruolo della vitamina D nei pazienti con malattia renale cronica / M. Cozzolino, F. Brunini, V. Capone, F. Ricca, Y. Kwaidri, E. Montanari, D. Cusi. - In: RECENTI PROGRESSI IN MEDICINA. - ISSN 0034-1193. - 104:1(2013), pp. 33-40. [10.1701/1226.13593]
Ruolo della vitamina D nei pazienti con malattia renale cronica
M. Cozzolino;F. Brunini;V. Capone;E. Montanari;D. Cusi
2013
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a relevant health problem due to its worldwide increasing prevalence and the morbidity and mortality linked to its complications. Since the early stages of CKD, although patients are completely asymptomatic, important mineral homeostasis disorders occur. These disorders, involving serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D, have a striking impact on patient prognosis as they affect the cardiovascular system. The new term of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disease (CKD-MBD) was introduced to label bone disease during CKD as a systemic disorder tightly linked to cardiovascular calcifications and disabilities. Vitamin D deficiency has a main role in the pathogenesis of CKD-MBD, throughout the pleiotropic actions of this hormone. Vitamin D receptors (VDRs) are ubiquitous and their activation has shown protective effects against secondary hyperparathyroidism development and anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, immunomodulating, anti-proliferative, anti-diabetic and anti-proteinuric properties. These mechanisms explain, at least in part, vitamin D status influence in avoiding and delaying cardiovascular disease and CKD progression. These findings strongly support the importance of an early diagnosis of mineral homeostasis disorders in CKD and the need for correction of vitamin D deficiency to prevent related disabilities and major events.Pubblicazioni consigliate
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.