Upregulation of Lectin-Like Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor 1 (Lox-1) Expression in Human Endothelial Cells by Modified High Density Lipoproteins

Lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is the main endothelial receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL). LOX-1 is highly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions, at the endothelial level but also in macrophages and smooth muscle cells. LOX-1 expression is upregulated by several inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-), by oxidative stress, and by pathological conditions, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes. High density lipoprotein (HDL) possess several atheroprotective properties; however under pathological conditions associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, HDL become dysfunctional and exhibit pro-inflammatory properties. In vitro, HDL can be modified by 15-lipoxygenase, an enzyme overexpressed in the atherosclerotic lesions. Here we report that, after modification with 15-lipoxygenase, HDL(3) lose their ability to inhibit TNF-induced LOX-1 expression in endothelial cells; in addition, 15LO-modified HDL(3) induce LOX-1 mRNA and protein expression and bind to LOX-1 with increased affinity compared to native HDL(3). Altogether these findings confirm that 15LO-modified HDL(3) possess a pro-atherogenic role .