Bone volume augmentation in posterior sites

The edentulous posterior maxilla may create limitations to implant therapy due to the lack of bone frequently present after tooth loss, due to alveoalr ridge resorption and/or maxillary sinus expansion. The aim of this lecture is to present an updated overview concerning the present treatment options in case of moderate to severe atrophy of the edentulous posterior maxilla. In particular, the rationale in choosing among short or tilted implants as compared to sinus grafting procedures with bone substitutes and/or autogenous bone grafts will be discussed in detail. Data deriving from the persoanl experience of the speaker aa well as a review of the literature will be also performed reporting survival rates of implants placed in reconstructed/grafted posterior maxillae