The fundamental role of water in anion-promoted reactions carried out under both liquid-liquid and solid-liqiud phase-transfer catalysis (LL- and SL-PTC:, respectively) conditions is reviewed. In particular, the hydration effect on the quaternary onium salt extraction constants, anion selectivity coefficients, and anion reactivity under LL-PTC conditions is reported. The effect of added water on SL-PTC reaction rates is also included. In addition, guidelines for optimizing the amount of water in the application of PTC to organic synthesis are proposed.
Key role of water for nucleophilic substitutions in phase-transfer-catalyzed processes: A mini-review / D. Albanese, D. Landini, A. Maia, M. Penso. - In: INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH. - ISSN 0888-5885. - 40:11(2001), pp. 2396-2401.
Key role of water for nucleophilic substitutions in phase-transfer-catalyzed processes: A mini-review
D. AlbanesePrimo
;D. LandiniSecondo
;
2001
Abstract
The fundamental role of water in anion-promoted reactions carried out under both liquid-liquid and solid-liqiud phase-transfer catalysis (LL- and SL-PTC:, respectively) conditions is reviewed. In particular, the hydration effect on the quaternary onium salt extraction constants, anion selectivity coefficients, and anion reactivity under LL-PTC conditions is reported. The effect of added water on SL-PTC reaction rates is also included. In addition, guidelines for optimizing the amount of water in the application of PTC to organic synthesis are proposed.
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