Myocardial revascularization with multiple arterial grafts: comparison between the radial artery and the right internal thoracic artery

Background. Bilateral internal thoracic artery (ITA) harvesting is significantly underused, whereas the radial artery is being used with increasing frequency. We have retrospectively analyzed perioperative and short-term outcomes of patients receiving a radial artery versus those receiving a right ITA as a second arterial graft. Methods. Between February 1999 and May 2000, 250 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting using the radial artery (156 patients) or the right ITA (94 patients) in combination with the left ITA and, when required, the saphenous vein. Results. There was a higher prevalence of risk factors in the radial artery group. More coronary artery bypass graftings (p < 0.001) were performed with the radial artery. Operative mortality was not different (p = not significant). In the right ITA group there was more bleeding (p < 0.001) and a longer hospital stay (p < 0.001). Mean follow-up was 8.1 ± 3.9 months. The probability of survival was similar (p = not significant). Conclusions. The radial artery can extend the benefits of multiple arterial grafting to those patients who are usually excluded from bilateral ITA harvesting because of multiple risk factors. Perioperative and short-term results are good.