OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to evaluate in vivo the chemical composition of urinary stones using dual-source and dual-energy CT, with crystallography as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Forty patients (mean [± SD] age, 49 ± 17 years) with known or suspected nephrolithiasis underwent unenhanced abdominal CT for urinary tract evaluation using a dual-energy technique (tube voltages, 140 and 80 kVp). For each stone 5 mm or larger in diameter, we evaluated the site, diameter, CT density, surface (smooth vs rough), and stone composition. Patients were treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (n = 34), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (n = 4), or therapeutic ureterorenoscopy (n = 2). Collected stones underwent crystallography, and the agreement with the results of dual-energy CT was calculated with the Cohen kappa coefficient. The correlation among stone composition, diameter, and CT density was estimated using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS. Thirty-one patients had a single stone and nine had multiple stones, for a total of 49 stones. Forty-five stones were in the kidneys, and four were in the ureters; 23 had a smooth surface and 26 had a rough surface. The mean stone diameter was 12 ± 6 mm; mean CT density was 783 ± 274 HU. According to crystallography, stone composition was as follows: 33 were calcium oxalate, seven were cystine, four were uric acid, and five were of mixed composition. Dual-energy CT failed to identify four stones with mixed composition, resulting in substantial agreement between dual-energy CT and crystallography (Cohen κ = 0.684). Stone composition was not correlated with either stone diameter (p = 0.920) or stone CT density (p = 0.185). CONCLUSION. CT showed excellent accuracy in classifying urinary stone chemical composition, except for uric acid–hydroxyapatite mixed stones.
In Vivo evaluation of the Chemical Composition of Urinary Stones Using Dual-Energy CT / G. Manglaviti, S. Tresoldi, C.S. Guerrer, G. Di Leo, E. Montanari, F. Sardanelli, G. Cornalba. - In: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ROENTGENOLOGY. - ISSN 0361-803X. - 197:1(2011 Jul), pp. W76-W83.
In Vivo evaluation of the Chemical Composition of Urinary Stones Using Dual-Energy CT
G. ManglavitiPrimo
;S. TresoldiSecondo
;E. Montanari;F. SardanelliPenultimo
;G. CornalbaUltimo
2011
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to evaluate in vivo the chemical composition of urinary stones using dual-source and dual-energy CT, with crystallography as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Forty patients (mean [± SD] age, 49 ± 17 years) with known or suspected nephrolithiasis underwent unenhanced abdominal CT for urinary tract evaluation using a dual-energy technique (tube voltages, 140 and 80 kVp). For each stone 5 mm or larger in diameter, we evaluated the site, diameter, CT density, surface (smooth vs rough), and stone composition. Patients were treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (n = 34), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (n = 4), or therapeutic ureterorenoscopy (n = 2). Collected stones underwent crystallography, and the agreement with the results of dual-energy CT was calculated with the Cohen kappa coefficient. The correlation among stone composition, diameter, and CT density was estimated using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS. Thirty-one patients had a single stone and nine had multiple stones, for a total of 49 stones. Forty-five stones were in the kidneys, and four were in the ureters; 23 had a smooth surface and 26 had a rough surface. The mean stone diameter was 12 ± 6 mm; mean CT density was 783 ± 274 HU. According to crystallography, stone composition was as follows: 33 were calcium oxalate, seven were cystine, four were uric acid, and five were of mixed composition. Dual-energy CT failed to identify four stones with mixed composition, resulting in substantial agreement between dual-energy CT and crystallography (Cohen κ = 0.684). Stone composition was not correlated with either stone diameter (p = 0.920) or stone CT density (p = 0.185). CONCLUSION. CT showed excellent accuracy in classifying urinary stone chemical composition, except for uric acid–hydroxyapatite mixed stones.Pubblicazioni consigliate
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