Stent thrombosis after sirolimus-and paclitaxel-eluting stent implantation in daily clinical practice: analysis of a single center registry

Objectives: To evaluate stent thrombosis (ST) rate after sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) and paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES) implantation in daily clinical practice. Background: The safety profile of drug-eluting stents (DES) was predominantly determined in randomized clinical trials with narrow inclusion criteria. Concerns about ST have been raised in unselected patients treated with DES. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 867 patients undergoing DES implantation, 618 patients with SES, and 249 with PES, in a single academic center. Results: Multivessel disease was present in 72% of patients, multivessel stenting was performed in 17%, long (>18 mm) lesions were treated in 30%, and multiple stents per lesion were needed in 31%. On average, 1.7 ± 0.8 stents per patient were implanted (stented segment length: 32 ± 25 mm/vessel). IIb/ IIIa inhibitors were used in 7.5%. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance was employed in 65% of SES and 50% of PES implantations, and the procedural success rate was 100% in SES and 99% in PES cases. Six-month follow-up was performed in all patients, whereas one-year follow-up was completed in 87% patients of the SES group and in 95% of the PES group. We considered that ST occurred when angiographic evidence of thrombus was available, or when patients experienced sudden cardiac death or either ST-elevation or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) through the 12-month follow-up period. The overall incidence of ST was 0.9% (0.4% in SES and 2% in PES, P = 0.03). Of the eight ST, two (25%) were acute, four (50%) subacute, one (12.5%) was a late event, and one (12.5%) a very late event. Seven ST were confirmed by angiography. No IVUS guidance was used in 4/8 (50%) ST patients, while antiplatelet therapy was prematurely discontinued in 3/8 (37.5%). Among ST patients, mortality and nonfatal MI rates were 25% and 37.5%, respectively. No ST was diagnosed between 6 and 12 months, while one very late thrombosis occurred at 15 months. Conclusions: The incidence of ST after DES use in daily clinical practice is low and similar to that observed in randomized clinical trials.