Despite progress toward establishing a “Common European Asylum System”, challenges persist in achieving a uniform understanding and interpretation of asylum standards across and within Europe. This article addresses practical challenges in the adjudication of asylum claims based on religious conversions that occur after leaving the country of origin, known as “sur place religious conversions”. Adopting a comparative approach, the study analyzes judicial reasoning in asylum appeal decisions in Italy and Germany. The findings reveal that Italian and German courts adopt differing approaches in adjudicating such cases. In Germany, subjective considerations regarding the applicant’s beliefs are more emphasized than in Italy, with German courts placing greater importance on evaluating the sincerity of the conversion and the centrality of religion to the applicant’s identity. Statistical data showing that sur place conversion applications are more frequent in Germany than in Italy may explain some of these differences, including the significant skepticism expressed by German judges. However, the analysis suggests that these divergences also stem from distinct factors within each country’s legal framework, procedures, and legal culture.
Nonostante i progressi compiuti verso la realizzazione di un “sistema europeo comune di asilo”, in Europa, persistono significative difficoltà nel garantire un’interpretazione e un’applicazione uniformi delle norme in materia di asilo, tanto tra i diversi Stati membri quanto all’interno dei singoli ordinamenti nazionali. Questo articolo analizza le problematiche applicative legate alla valutazione delle domande di asilo fondate su conversioni religiose avvenute “sur place”, ovvero dopo che il richiedente ha lasciato il proprio paese di origine. Adottando una prospettiva comparata, lo studio esamina l’argomentazione giudiziale e l’esito decisorio nei procedimenti di appello relativi a tali casi, in Italia e Germania. I risultati rivelano alcune differenze significative tra le due esperienze. Diversamente da quanto accade in Italia, in Germania, l’elemento soggettivo legato alle convinzioni religiose del richiedente assume un ruolo centrale. I giudici tedeschi attribuiscono particolare importanza alla sincerità della conversione e al peso che la religione riveste per l’identità personale del richiedente. La maggiore frequenza di domande di asilo basate su conversioni sur place in Germania rispetto all’Italia può contribuire a spiegare queste divergenze, compreso il marcato scetticismo espresso dai giudici tedeschi. Tuttavia, l’analisi suggerisce che queste divergenze siano da ricondurre anche a fattori strutturali più profondi, radicati nei rispettivi quadri normativi, nelle procedure giudi-ziarie e nelle culture giuridiche nazionali.
When judges face God: a comparative analysis of adjudications of asylum claims based on sur place religious conversions in Italy and Germany / P. Pannia. - In: THE ITALIAN REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE LAW. - ISSN 2772-5642. - 2025:1(2025), pp. 3-31.
When judges face God: a comparative analysis of adjudications of asylum claims based on sur place religious conversions in Italy and Germany
P. Pannia
2025
Abstract
Despite progress toward establishing a “Common European Asylum System”, challenges persist in achieving a uniform understanding and interpretation of asylum standards across and within Europe. This article addresses practical challenges in the adjudication of asylum claims based on religious conversions that occur after leaving the country of origin, known as “sur place religious conversions”. Adopting a comparative approach, the study analyzes judicial reasoning in asylum appeal decisions in Italy and Germany. The findings reveal that Italian and German courts adopt differing approaches in adjudicating such cases. In Germany, subjective considerations regarding the applicant’s beliefs are more emphasized than in Italy, with German courts placing greater importance on evaluating the sincerity of the conversion and the centrality of religion to the applicant’s identity. Statistical data showing that sur place conversion applications are more frequent in Germany than in Italy may explain some of these differences, including the significant skepticism expressed by German judges. However, the analysis suggests that these divergences also stem from distinct factors within each country’s legal framework, procedures, and legal culture.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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