Dental Occlusion and Athletic Performance: The Impact of Customized Occlusal Splints on Postural Control in Professional Figure Skaters

Background: The relationship between the stomatognathic system and postural control has been widely investigated, suggesting that dental occlusion may influence neuromuscular coordination and athletic performance. However, evidence in figure skating remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a customized occlusal splint on neuromuscular activity and postural balance in professional figure skaters. Methods: A prospective single-arm pre-post interventional study was conducted on 52 professional female figure skaters (mean age: 17.1 +/- 1.7 years). Electromyographic (EMG) activit of the masseter, anterior temporalis, sternocleidomastoid, and trapezius muscles, along with kinesiographic parameters, were assessed at baseline and after six months of continuous occlusal splint use. Postural control was evaluated using the Flamingo Balance Test under three testing conditions. Statistical analysis included paired tests with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: After six months of splint therapy, a significant increase in EMG activity of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles was observed in most participants, along with a reduction in muscular asymmetries. Improvement in sternocleidomastoid and trapezius activity was noted in a subset of subjects. All participants showed correction of mandibular retrusion. Postural performance significantly improved, with enhanced ability to maintain balance during the Flamingo Balance Test. No major adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this uncontrolled prospective single-arm study, customized occlusal splint use was associated with changes in neuromuscular activity and postural balance parameters in professional figure skaters. However, causal relationships cannot be established, and randomized controlled studies are required to confirm the efficacy of this intervention.