Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an innovative approach to epidemiology that offers unique opportunities for public health surveillance. Its potential hadbeenrecognizedinvariousapplicationsover theyears,but itwas theglobal scaleof the responsetotheSARS-CoV-2pandemicthattrulybroughtWBEtothefore.Inthisperspective paperweexploretheuntappedpotentialofWBEasacatalystforinfectiousdiseasesurveillance andasaOneHealthepidemiological tool,andthefuturehorizonsandinnovativeapplications ofWBE.ItisclearthatWBEwilladdressagrowingnumberofpathogensofconcerntohuman health,suchasavianinfluenzaviruses,mpox,enterovirusD68,Candidaauris,andantimicrobial resistance.Inaddition, itwillcontributetoepidemicintelligencebymonitoringmassgathering events,andbypredictivemodelingandforecastingincombinationwithartificial intelligenceto mitigateandprevent infectiousdiseasesfromreachingthehighest levelofclinicalcomplexity. Webelievethat themaximumperformanceandcompleteinstitutional integrationintopublic healthofWBEisyet toberealizedonaglobal scale.
Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Infectious Diseases: A New Trick for an Old Threat / A. Hirvonen, L.P.. - In: ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH. - ISSN 2833-8278. - (2026). [Epub ahead of print] [10.1021/envhealth.6c00017]
Wastewater-Based Epidemiology for Infectious Diseases: A New Trick for an Old Threat
L. PellegrinelliSecondo
;S. Binda;E. ParianiUltimo
2026
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an innovative approach to epidemiology that offers unique opportunities for public health surveillance. Its potential hadbeenrecognizedinvariousapplicationsover theyears,but itwas theglobal scaleof the responsetotheSARS-CoV-2pandemicthattrulybroughtWBEtothefore.Inthisperspective paperweexploretheuntappedpotentialofWBEasacatalystforinfectiousdiseasesurveillance andasaOneHealthepidemiological tool,andthefuturehorizonsandinnovativeapplications ofWBE.ItisclearthatWBEwilladdressagrowingnumberofpathogensofconcerntohuman health,suchasavianinfluenzaviruses,mpox,enterovirusD68,Candidaauris,andantimicrobial resistance.Inaddition, itwillcontributetoepidemicintelligencebymonitoringmassgathering events,andbypredictivemodelingandforecastingincombinationwithartificial intelligenceto mitigateandprevent infectiousdiseasesfromreachingthehighest levelofclinicalcomplexity. Webelievethat themaximumperformanceandcompleteinstitutional integrationintopublic healthofWBEisyet toberealizedonaglobal scale.
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