Regional models and health outcomes: the Italian National Health Service in the post-pandemic period

The article examines the impact of regionalisation on the Italian National Health Service (NHS). Using hierarchical cluster analysis, the study identifies four Regional Health System (RHS) models based on organisational features such as institutional stability, healthcare spending, public-private mix, the role of general practitioners, and coverage of new social risks. These models are then evaluated using performance indicators, including LEA (Essential Levels of Care) scores, avoidable mortality, and patient mobility. The analysis shows significant variation in performance and raises questions about the effectiveness of uncoordinated regional governance. While regional diversity can be beneficial, the article advocates for better coordination, especially considering new challenges like population ageing, health inequalities, and the implementation of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan.