Sexual health in cancer care: a narrative review and position statement from the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM)

Background: Sexual dysfunction is often underestimated in cancer patients and survivors due to a lack of communication with health care providers and a common belief that it is an inevitable consequence of the disease and treatment. In recent years, with dramatically improved survival rates, increased attention has been paid to aspects of quality of life, particularly sexual health, which consists of physical, psychological, and emotional dimensions. A dedicated Associazione Italiana Oncologia Medica (AIOM) working group was built to provide an updated overview on this topic, including specific insights on prevalence, available therapies, and dedicated treatment paths. Materials and methods: A narrative review was conducted to address the current understanding of sexual dysfunction in patients with cancer, treatment paradigms, and new available evidence. Conclusions: Sexual health must be considered as a main item in global quality-of-life evaluation, with oncological treatments that can differently impact individuals with diverse sexual habits. Discussion with patients on their sexual life will allow clinicians to rapidly identify and therefore treat potential disease and treatment complications, promoting an improved doctor–patient relationship and overall well-being. If clinically indicated, the specific problem should be discussed with a dedicated consultant, to promote a multidisciplinary and tailored approach for every patient.