Opportunities and challenges of quantum batteries

Quantum batteries harness the principles of quantum mechanics to transfer, store and release energy within quantum systems on demand. Emerging from foundational research at the intersection of quantum physics, thermodynamics and information theory, the field of quantum batteries introduces new principles for energy manipulation rooted in quantum mechanics. This rapidly expanding field of research spans foundational studies on the thermodynamic limits of battery performance and the potential for quantum advantage, alongside the development of theoretical models and the design of innovative architectures for experimental proof-of-principle demonstrations. In this Perspective, we aim to introduce the core concepts, survey the current theoretical and experimental landscape, and highlight opportunities and challenges in the pursuit of more efficient and scalable quantum energy storage devices.