Efficiency and Environmental Impact of Tractors Used in Specialized Crops of Autonomous Province of Bolzano

Agricultural production encompasses multiple specialized chains, with machinery playing a crucial role in each of them. These chains are structured around inputs, processes and the operational frequency of tasks. Particularly, fruit and grape wine productions are characterized by small plots and lower power requirements, typically relied on compact, low-power tractors with narrow tracks, to suit conveniently the task demand of these crops. This study examines the operational conditions of specialized tractors in Bolzano autonomous province, a wide area well known for apple and wine grape cultivation. Specifically, it focuses on the engine efficiency and environmental impact of pollutant gas emissions associated with a popular narrow-track tractor model commonly used in the region. The analysis identifies the most common operations in these production systems and defines the tractor's engine performance under typical conditions, at rated speed and under load. These conditions have been simulated in a steady state, using an electromagnetic brake connected to the PTO. Specific fuel consumption was calculated for each production chain, to assess engine efficiency, while emissions of main pollutants (PM, NOx, HC, CO) were measured. The emission data have been also compared to regulatory limits in line with the tractor’s homologation stage.