Ge.F.I. Updated recommendations on the collection of biological samples for forensic genetic testing in the medical legal care of victims of sexual violence and/or abuse

International guidelines and scientific literature suggest that individuals who have experienced sexual violence often seek medical assistance, even if they fail to disclose the event itself. The purpose of the Ge.F.I. updated recommendations is to guide the intervention of healthcare professionals involved in the collection of biological samples from victims of sexual violence and/or maltreatment for forensic genetic testing purposes considering the new DNA technologies and the increase in the analytical sensitivity. The sample collection procedure is crucial to avoid contamination or degradation of DNA as well as the assessment of the chain of custody to maintain evidence integrity. The recommendations serve as the "minimum standards" that can be included in the practices of healthcare providers and response units to sexual violence and abuse. According to the Italian Law 219/2017, informed consent from victims of sexual violence and/or abuse must be properly recorded before receiving medical care or participating in any body sampling activity. Healthcare professionals—even those appointed by the Judicial Authority—must ensure that individuals seeking assistance in cases of sexual violence and/or abuse receive comprehensive and unambiguous information about the protocols for the collection of biological specimens used for forensic genetic testing. Guiding criteria for handling, sampling, and storing forensic evidence, including body samples and clothing/other material of interest from the victims, are outlined in a table readily accessible for consultation in the emergency room. In addition, illustrative photographs showing the proper techniques for collection of skin samples and subungual material from abused victims are annexed. Finally, standard forms for informed consent, sample collection, chain of custody, and a list of materials/supplies useful in the collection of forensic evidence in hospital emergency departments are provided to assist further the documentation process.