Bi-objective optimization of Co-working Networks: a public policy approach

This study proposes a bi-objective optimization model for co-working networks that jointly maximizes collaborative value while minimizing operational costs. The framework leverages Shapley Value theory to dynamically adjust objective weights based on each agent’s marginal contribution, enabling public policy intervention grounded in territorial development objectives. Validated through a case study in the Aosta Valley using official ISTAT data, results demonstrate that dynamic Shapley-based weighting improves collaborative value by 12.7% and reduces operational costs by 8.8% compared to static strategies, while accounting for territorial externalities and environmental impacts.