Molecular respiratory pathogen panels in lung transplantation

Molecular respiratory pathogen panels are an innovative tool for the rapid detection of respiratory pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes, offering the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and guide timely antimicrobial therapy. In lung transplantation, their application is especially appealing due to the high incidence of respiratory tract infections and the frequent involvement of multidrug-resistant organisms. This review summarizes the published experiences with molecular respiratory pathogen panels in lung transplant recipients. Current evidence has shown that these panels deliver results faster than conventional microbiology and can support clinical decision-making by confirming or excluding infections. Importantly, these tools cannot replace traditional diagnostics, which remain essential for pathogen susceptibility profiling and identifying organisms not included in the panels. An emerging application involves modulating perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, where molecular panels may allow earlier adjustment of regimens to address potential donor-derived pathogens. Implemented within structured workflows, molecular panels could help reduce unnecessary antimicrobial exposure and the associated ecological impact. However, limitations still exist, including their inability to detect fungi or less common bacterial pathogens and the risk of over-interpreting colonizing flora. Defined protocols and diagnostic stewardship principles should therefore guide the integration of molecular panels into transplant practice. Further studies are needed to evaluate their cost-effectiveness and to identify patient subgroups who may benefit most from their use.