Drug use disorders (DUDs) are emerging global public health challenges. Here we investigated the global and regional estimates of the prevalence and burden of DUDs, including amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use disorders, from 1990 to 2023 for 204 countries and territories by using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Overall, trends in global age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years of DUDs increased from 169.3 (95% uncertainty interval (95% UI), 134.4–203.9) per 100,000 people in 1990 to 212.0 (95% UI, 179.2–245.6) in 2023. In 2023, both prevalence and burden of DUDs were higher in high-income countries, particularly in the USA. The most prevalent DUDs in 2023 were cannabis use disorder (age-standardized prevalence, 270.8 (95% UI, 201.7–350.0) per 100,000 people) and opioid use disorder (205.9 (95% UI, 178.7–235.0)). Particularly, opioid use disorder showed a nearly twofold increase in prevalence and burden between 1990 and 2023. In 2023, compared with countries where cannabis use was illegal, countries permitting both recreational and medical cannabis use had higher prevalence rates for all types of DUDs. Proactive and effective policies are essential to mitigate the increasing global burden of DUDs.
Global burden of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use in 204 countries, 1990–2023: a Global Burden of Disease Study / J. Kang, H.J. Kim, M.S. Kim, S.H. Zyoud, M. Zielinska, B. Zhu, A. Zhong, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, M.G.M. Zeariya, A. Zanghi, F. Zakham, H. Yusuf, C. Yu, N. Yonemoto, P. Yip, D. Yin, R. Yesodharan, Z.S. Yahaya, A. Wilandika, N.D. Wickramasinghe, S. Wang, Y.-. Wang, M.T. Walde, Y. Waheed, I.S. Vujcic, M. Vinayak, G.-. Verras, S. Vaziri, T.J. Vasankari, J. Varghese, J.V.D. Eynde, A.G. Vaithinathan, A. Ullah, S. Ullah, A.J. Udoakang, M. Tumurkhuu, A.R. Tualeka, E.E. Tsermpini, A. Tsatsakis, A.C. Tsai, S.J. Tromans, N.T.M. Duc, T.H. Tran, M.R. Tovani-Palone, M. Torrado, J. Todorovic, T.Y. Tiruye, K.R. Thankappan, M. Teramoto, M.-. Temsah, R. Temsah, Y.G. Tefera, M. Tareke, K.-. Tan, M. Tampa, S.M. Tabatabaei, R. Tabares-Seisdedos, P.T. Damavandi, L. Szarpak, C.K. Swain, V. Suresh, M. Suleman, V. Subramaniyan, D.J. Stein, C.T. Sreeramareddy, I.N. Soyiri, J.B. Soriano, S. Soraneh, M. Soboka, F. Sobia, A.A. Skryabina, V.Y. Skryabin, S. Singh, H. Singh, P. Singh, B. Singh, J.A. Singh, L.M.L.R. Silva, J.P. Silva, I.D. Sigfusdottir, E.E. Siddig, R. Shrestha, S. Shrestha, S.A. Shorofi, A. Shittu, P.H. Shetty, P.K. Shettys, M. Shetty, A. Sheidaei, V. Sharma, U. Sharma, M. Sharma, J.S. Rad, A. Sharifan, A. Shamsutdinova, M. Shams-Beyranvand, S. Sham, A. Shakeri, M.A. Shaikh, M.J. Shahwan, S. Shahid, A.A. Shaheen, M. Shafie, M. Shabani, A. Sha'Aban, A. Seylani, Y. Sethi, A.K. Sendekie, D.C. Schwebel, A.E. Schumacher, M. Saylan, M. Sawhney, M. Satpathy, G.S. Sarode, S.C. Sarode, Y. Sarikhani, M.A.N. Saqib, M.M. Santric-Milicevic, A.M. Samy, G.A. Salum, D. Salihu, M.A. Saleh, A.A. Salami, M.R. Sajid, S.M. Sajadi, P.M. Sahoo, A. Sahebkar, R. Sagar, U. Saeed, M.R. Saeb, M. Sadeghi, B.A. Saddik, C.J. Sabet, G. De Andrade Ruela, S. Roy, H.S. Rout, A.G.P. Ross, K.T. Root, M.K.K. Rony, R. Rohilla, L. Roever, T.G. Rhee, M. Rezaeian, N. Rezaei, D.L. Rawaf, I. Rautalin, S.K. Rauniyar, D. Rathish, A. Rasouli-Saravani, S. Rani, N. Rancic, S.K. Ramasamy, M. Ramadan, M.M. Ramadan, P.L. Rajpoot, R. Rajabi, A.M. Rahmani, M. Rahman, M.H.U. Rahman, M.A. Rahman, A. Rahimi-Movaghar, S. Rahimibarghani, F. Rahim, I. Qattea, J. Puvvula, E.J.S. Prates, D. Prabhu, A. Pourshams, R. Poluru, E. Plotnikov, M.R. Phillips, A.K. Philip, H.N. Pham, S. Perna, M. Pereira, M.O. Pereira, G. Pereira, P. Peprah, A.E. Peden, H.P. Toroudi, S. Pawar, S. Patil, J. Patel, S.K. Patel, R. Passera, A. Pashaei, S. Park, R.R. Parikh, U. Parekh, S. Pardhan, P. Papadopoulou, I. Pantazopoulos, G.D. Panos, S.R. Pandi-Perumal, A. Pandey, D.P. Katare, S.K. Panda, R.F. Palma-Alvarez, J.R. Padubidri, P.A. Mahesh, A. Ouyahia, U.L. Osuagwu, E. Ortiz-Prado, V.N. Orish, M. Ordak, A.O. Bali, Y.D. Oluwafemi, G.M.M. Oliveira, S.R. Okeke, A.O.D. Ofakunrin, M.S. Oduro, I.A. Odetokun, K.O. Obamiro, B. Oancea, C.I. Nzoputam, O.J. Nzoputam, C.A. Nri-Ezedi, S.T.A. Noor, L.A. Nnyanzi, V. Niranjan, A. Nikoobar, P.T. Nguyen, A. Nazri-Panjaki, V.C. Nayak, B.P. Nayak, J. Nauman, Z.S. Natto, G.G. Nascimento, D.N. Davani, S. Nargus, S. Najdaghi, M.D. Naimzada, P. Naghavi, W. Myung, S. Muthu, Y. Munkhsaikhan, M. Muniyandi, S. Mubarik, A.M. Khaneghah, R. Motappa, M. Motaghinejad, Y. Moradi, A.M. Ghalibaf, M.A. Moni, L. Monasta, S. Molinaro, A.H. Mokdad, S. Mohan, M. Mohammed, S. Mohammed, J. Mohamed, N.S. Mohamed, B. Moazen, P. Mithra, E.M. Mirrakhimov, A. Mirica, G.K. Mini, G. Minervini, T.R. Miller, I.M. Michalek, P. Meylakhs, T. Mestrovic, T.J. Meretoja, R.G. Menezes, H.N. Meles, A. Mehmood, J.K. Meena, P.K. Maulik, R.R. Marzo, J. Martinez-Raga, R. Martinez-Piedra, J.C. Maravilla, B.P. Marasini, D.C. Malta, A. Majeed, M. Mahalleh, M. Mabrok, K. Lunze, G. Lucchetti, A. Lonimath, E. Llanaj, J. Lin, V.S. Ligade, Z. Li, S.M. Legesse, W.-. Lee, S.W. Lee, C. Ledda, L. Khanh-Dao Le, S. Lasrado, F. Lanfranchi, V. Kyto, F. Kyei-Arthur, E.F. Kyei, D. Kusuma, S. Kundu, M. Kumar, R. Kumar, D. Kumar, M. Kulimbet, N. Kugbey, M. Kuddus, Y. Krishnamoorthy, V. Krishnamoorthy, V. Krishna, K. Krishan, S.L.K. Laxminarayana, K. Kostev, M. Koscik, H.R. Koohestani, A.-. Kolahi, K.M. Shivakumar, A. Kisa, Y.J. Kim, Z.D. Kifle, M. Khokhar, M.M. Khatatbeh, H. Khatatbeh, K. Khatab, A. Khan, M.J. Khan, A. Khalid, H. Khajuria, G.A. Kayode, S.V. Katikireddi, S.E. Karimi, Y. Karimi, N. Kapoor, R.S. Kantar, K.K. Kanmodi, E.W. Kanmiki, A. Kamath, S.K. Kamarajah, E. Kalan, V. Kadashetti, Z. Kabir, K. Vaishali, J.J. Jozwiak, C.E. Joshua, N. Joseph, M.M.J. Moghadam, Z. Ji, R.D. Jayasinghe, R.J. Yengejeh, S. Jaka, A.A. Jairoun, A. Jain, H. Jahrami, L. Jacob, M.R. Islam, S.M.S. Islam, L.M. Irham, F. Iravanpour, A. Inok, M. Immurana, A. Ikiroma, J. Huang, C. Hu, M. Hostiuc, S. Hostiuc, M.B. Hossain, K. Hezam, M. Heidari, K. Hedna, M.S. Hasnain, A.I. Hasaballah, J.M. Haro, S. Handanagic, A. Hammoud, D. Haghmorad, R. Haddadi, R.S. Gutierrez-Murillo, S. Gupta, B. Gupta, A.K. Gupta, S. Gunturu, M.D. Gudeta, S.-. Guan, A. Grada, A.A. Girmay, A.U. Gil, L. Ghalichi, K.Y. Ghailan, F. Ghadirian, G.K. Getahun, A.A. Gelaye, T.G. Gebremeskel, M.W. Gebregergis, P. Gautam, B. Ganesan, A.P. Gandhi, A.M. Gaidhane, P.A. Gaal, T. Fukumoto, J. Friedman, M. Foschi, C.F. Rodrigues, B. Foroutan, L.S. Flor, I. Fitriana, F. Fischer, G. Fetensa, N. Ferreira, A. Ferrari, G. Fekadu, A. Feizkhah, A. Fatehizadeh, A. Faro, C.S.E.S. Farinha, I.R. Fakhradiyev, A. Fahim, O.F. Fagbule, A.O. Fadaka, F. Etaee, I. Elsohaby, M. Elhadi, I.F. El Bayoumy, R.A. El Arab, M.A. Eladl, T.C. Ekundayo, M. Ekholuenetale, F. Eghbali, A. Eftekharimehrabad, K. Edvardsson, H.A. Edinur, E. Eboreime, S. Duraisamy, R.K. Dowou, O.P. Doshi, R.P. Doshi, S. Dohare, D.D. Ding, A.S. Dhane, K. Deuba, H.D. Desai, E. Dervisevic, D. Demant, R.D.C. Soltani, P.I. Dargan, S.D. Darcho, X. Dai, O. Dadras, E. D'Amico, S.R. Clark, S.G. Choudhari, B. Chong, J.L. Chirinos-Caceres, P.R. Ching, F. Chichagi, G. Chi, L. Chen, A. Chaurasia, D. Chauhan, A.A. Chaudhary, V.K. Chattu, J.-. Chang, R.M. Chandika, C. Chakraborty, A. Caye, G. Castelpietra, J.M. Castaldelli-Maia, M. Carvalho, A. Capodici, C. Cao, L.A. Camera, D. Calina, M.C. Barsbay, Z.A. Butt, Y. Bustanji, R.A. Burns, A.R. Brunoni, S. Bouaoud, G. Borges, A. Boloor, M.K. Boachie, M. Biswas, B.S. Bintoro, G.K. Bhatti, J.S. Bhatti, S. Bhaskar, A.S. Bhagavathula, K.A. Beyene, A.N.C. Bermudez, M. Bemanalizadeh, B. Behnam, M.-. Bastan, A. Bashiri, A. Barrow, H.J. Barqawiil, M. Bardhan, M.F. Baran, M. Banach, A.A. Baig, R. Bai, R. Bahreini, N. Bagheri, N. Baghcheghi, A.Y. Azzam, L.A.A. Ayana, A. Aujayeb, A. Atreya, S.S. Athari, M.S. Aslam, T. Ashraf, M. Asghari-Jafarabadi, A.A. Artamonov, M. Arooj, B. Armocida, D. Areda, I. Ardani, A.M. Araujo, J. Arabloo, B.S. Anuoluwa, I.A. Anuoluwa, C.M. Antony, C.A.T. Antonio, A. Anil, G.A. Amusa, M. Amrollahi-Sharifabadi, S. Amiri, W.A. Al-Zyoud, K.H. Alzoubi, H. Aly, Y.M. Al-Worafi, M. Al-Wardat, N. Alvis-Guzman, Y.A. Thaher, A.B. Al-Tammemi, N.Z. Alshahrani, S.M. Alrousan, R.H. Al-Rifai, A. Alrawashdeh, S.W. Al-Jabi, S.M. Alif, M.D. Ali, S.S. Ali, L. Ali, M.U. Ali, F.N. Alhalaiqa, A.M. Algammal, W.A. Aldhaleei, M. Albashtawy, R.M. Al-Amer, M.M. Alajlani, M.A. Akkaif, M.S. Ahmed, A. Ahmed, M.B. Ahmed, H. Ahmed, S.A. Ahmed, A. Ahmadi, D. Ahmad, S. Ahmad, A. Ahmad, W. Agyemang-Duah, S. Afzal, M.S. Afzal, K. Adhikari, T.E. Adeyeoluwa, H.O. Adewuyi, O.T. Adeleke, I.Y. Addo, M.M. Adane, A. Abu-Zaid, S. Aburuz, E. Abu-Gharbieh, B. Abubakar, I.J. Abubakar, D. Abtahi, R.G. Aboagye, O. Abiodun, O.O. Abiodun, R.A.A. Zuniga, M. Abdoun, M. Abdollahi, A. Abdollahi, M. Abdelmasseh, S.A. Elhafeez, M. Abbasian, N. Abbas, Y.H. Abate, H. Aalruz, J. Il Shin, J.I. Shin, D.K. Yon. - In: NATURE MEDICINE. - ISSN 1078-8956. - 32:2(2026 Feb), pp. 527-544. [Epub ahead of print] [10.1038/s41591-025-04137-0]
Global burden of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use in 204 countries, 1990–2023: a Global Burden of Disease Study
S. Perna;
2026
Abstract
Drug use disorders (DUDs) are emerging global public health challenges. Here we investigated the global and regional estimates of the prevalence and burden of DUDs, including amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use disorders, from 1990 to 2023 for 204 countries and territories by using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Overall, trends in global age-standardized disability-adjusted life-years of DUDs increased from 169.3 (95% uncertainty interval (95% UI), 134.4–203.9) per 100,000 people in 1990 to 212.0 (95% UI, 179.2–245.6) in 2023. In 2023, both prevalence and burden of DUDs were higher in high-income countries, particularly in the USA. The most prevalent DUDs in 2023 were cannabis use disorder (age-standardized prevalence, 270.8 (95% UI, 201.7–350.0) per 100,000 people) and opioid use disorder (205.9 (95% UI, 178.7–235.0)). Particularly, opioid use disorder showed a nearly twofold increase in prevalence and burden between 1990 and 2023. In 2023, compared with countries where cannabis use was illegal, countries permitting both recreational and medical cannabis use had higher prevalence rates for all types of DUDs. Proactive and effective policies are essential to mitigate the increasing global burden of DUDs.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
4251-GBD2023 Substance Use Disorders Revised.pdf
accesso riservato
Tipologia:
Publisher's version/PDF
Licenza:
Nessuna licenza
Dimensione
4.71 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
4.71 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri Richiedi una copia |
|
The Chemical Transformations of C1 Compounds - 2022 - Wu - Carbonylation of Nitroarenes and Related Compounds.pdf
accesso aperto
Tipologia:
Post-print, accepted manuscript ecc. (versione accettata dall'editore)
Licenza:
Publisher
Dimensione
1.01 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.01 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
Pubblicazioni consigliate
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.




