Simultaneous MEG-LFP Recordings to Assess In Vivo Dystonic Neurophysiological Networks: A Feasibility Study

Background/Objectives: Subcortical local field potentials (LFPs) provide a valuable in vivo window into the neurophysiology of the dystonia network. These signals can be recorded through Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) devices and combined with whole-head techniques such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) to study cortical-subcortical interactions. However, simultaneous LFP-MEG acquisition poses challenges, including interference from the DBS device and synchronization issues. We present preliminary data on the feasibility and signal quality of concurrent LFP and MEG recordings in dystonia patients. Methods: We assessed simultaneous MEG-LFP recordings in 11 patients with inherited or idiopathic dystonia who underwent bilateral DBS lead implantation in the Globus Pallidus Internus (GPi). Two synchronization strategies were tested: (1) the Tapping method, using an accelerometer placed on the DBS device, and (2) the Stimulation method, which generated detectable artifacts during sham stimulation. Results: Both methods successfully aligned MEG and LFP signals with a mean temporal delay of 91 ± 22 ms for the Tapping method and 288 ± 166 ms for the Stimulation method. Post-implantation signal-to-noise ratio analysis revealed slight degradation but no significant impact on MEG quality (gradiometers: -0.12 ± 1.85 dB; magnetometers: -0.47 ± 2.03 dB). Conclusions: Simultaneous MEG-LFP recordings in dystonic patients are feasible, yielding high-quality signals, and reliable synchronization. Temporal alignment improved with practice, suggesting a short learning curve. This method opens new opportunities to study cortical-subcortical dynamics and strengthens the potential of combining MEG-LFP approaches for investigating dystonia.