Volunteering represents a crucial form of social participation. In addition to traditional modalities, more flexible forms ‒ such as episodic and digital volunteering ‒ are increasing- ly emerging, expanding opportunities for engagement and reshaping both the perceived meaning and social impact of volunteer activities. This qualitative research, grounded in nine focus groups comprising a total of 67 volunteers, undertakes an analysis of the experi- ences of individuals engaged in the three forms of volunteering. While common elements emerge, significant differences are also apparent. Traditional volunteers tend to perceive themselves as akin to activists, yet they often experience dissatisfaction with institutional structures. Episodic volunteers are primarily motivated by the variety of tasks and the flexi- bility with which they can manage their engagement, valuing a sense of autonomy. Digital volunteers, who are also self-managed, express a strong awareness of their global impact, yet frequently report a lack of recognition. The landscape of volunteering is undergoing a period of transformation, and while there remains a degree of commonality among the vari- ous forms of volunteering, it is imperative for volunteer services to also reflect on these dis- tinctions. This reflection is necessary to establish suitable recruitment and retention strate- gies for the domain of social participation.
Il volontariato rappresenta una forma cruciale di partecipazione sociale. Oltre alle modalità tradizionali, si stanno diffondendo forme più flessibili, come il volontariato episodico e digita- le, che ampliano le opportunità di coinvolgimento e ne modificano il significato e l’impatto percepito. Questa ricerca qualitativa, basata su 9 focus group (67 volontari in totale), analizza le esperienze di chi svolge attività nelle tre forme. Emergono elementi comuni ma anche diffe- renze rilevanti: i volontari tradizionali si percepiscono simili ad attivisti ma provano insoddi- sfazione verso le istituzioni; i volontari episodici sono motivati dalla varietà di attività e dalla flessibilità nella gestione di queste attività; i volontari digitali, anch’essi autogestiti, esprimono una forte consapevolezza dell’impatto globale ma un mancato riconoscimento. Il mondo del volontariato sta cambiando e, sebbene, vi sia ancora un terreno comune tra le diverse forme di volontariato, è necessario che i servizi per il volontariato riflettano anche sulle differenze per definire strategie di recruitment e fidelizzazione adeguate al mondo della partecipazione sociale.
Traditional, Episodic, and Digital Volunteering: New Perspectives on Social Participation / M. Mutti, M. Pozzi, E. Marta, F. Tommasi, F. De Cordova, A. Maria Meneghini, B. Marano, F. Gatti, F. Procentese. - In: PSICOLOGIA DI COMUNITÀ. - ISSN 1827-5249. - 2025:2(2025), pp. 15-43.
Traditional, Episodic, and Digital Volunteering: New Perspectives on Social Participation
F. Tommasi;F. Gatti;
2025
Abstract
Volunteering represents a crucial form of social participation. In addition to traditional modalities, more flexible forms ‒ such as episodic and digital volunteering ‒ are increasing- ly emerging, expanding opportunities for engagement and reshaping both the perceived meaning and social impact of volunteer activities. This qualitative research, grounded in nine focus groups comprising a total of 67 volunteers, undertakes an analysis of the experi- ences of individuals engaged in the three forms of volunteering. While common elements emerge, significant differences are also apparent. Traditional volunteers tend to perceive themselves as akin to activists, yet they often experience dissatisfaction with institutional structures. Episodic volunteers are primarily motivated by the variety of tasks and the flexi- bility with which they can manage their engagement, valuing a sense of autonomy. Digital volunteers, who are also self-managed, express a strong awareness of their global impact, yet frequently report a lack of recognition. The landscape of volunteering is undergoing a period of transformation, and while there remains a degree of commonality among the vari- ous forms of volunteering, it is imperative for volunteer services to also reflect on these dis- tinctions. This reflection is necessary to establish suitable recruitment and retention strate- gies for the domain of social participation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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