Promoción de políticas ecosociales y transición justa: estrategias sindicales. Evidencia de Italia, los Países Bajos y Argentina

The ecological transition will lead to changes in industrial economies, with a greater impact on hard-to-abate sectors. This compare how three cases in three different countries – characterized by the presence of steel plants and similar histories – are addressing decarbonization. The comparison focuses on the existing inequalities, trade union strategies, and implemented policies. The article describes the three contexts through the lens of the eco-socialgrowth trilemma. In Italy, in Taranto, the situation is marked by the presence of intractable yet conflictual imperatives (health and employment) whose resolution seems beyond the reach of political and social actors. In the Netherlands, in IJmuiden, by contrast, the resolution of the trilemma appears possible through a 15-year plan to ‘green’ production, pushed by the leading union, the FNV; however, this pathway does not have the support of socio-environmental groups, who demand immediate action. The Argentine case, in San Nicolás de los Arroyos, is instead peculiar: here, there is no contestation of the plant’s health and environmental impacts, and the context is shaped by a classic dynamic of conflict between capital and labor.