Female Migration from Nigeria, Sex Trafficking and Cultural Dynamics : Beyond a Simplified Narrative

Female migration from Nigeria and its frequent connection to sexual work and human trafficking represent an alarming phenomenon at the global level. Numerous studies by anthropologists, sociologists, and legal experts engaged in defending women seeking international protection have revealed complex links between trafficking, socio-economic factors, and cultural dimensions. Focusing specifically on migration from Nigeria to Europe, this paper explores the multifaceted nature of these connections, challenging the dominant narrative that portrays Nigerian women as merely “exotic”, “other”, vulnerable, and victims of magical rituals. This paper highlights the various factors contributing to this complexity and examines the notions of consent and coercion, drawing on legal frameworks and feminist legal literature. The concepts are considered in relation to the more specifically social and cultural aspects of the Nigerian context that several studies have revealed are linked to sexual trafficking. The Nigerian context is briefly illustrated in terms of its ethnic, legal, and religious pluralism before delving into the structural dynamics, customary norms, and practices helpful in understanding the phenomenon of sex trafficking.