Coating techniques for dental implant surfaces

Biocompatible solutions such as endosseous implants enable the restoration of missing teeth. This review explores the key features of various implant surface coatings that promote tissue healing around implants and support long-term clinical success. The analysis is based on recent studies of titanium endosseous implants, which are widely used because of their excellent physical and chemical properties. However, titanium has low bioactivity, which can slow down the process of osseointegration. To enhance cellular interactions and boost biocompatibility, implant surfaces are modified to reduce tissue rejection and encourage biological integration. This review examines various surface coatings to determine the most effective ones in enhancing osseointegration, epithelial adhesion, and peri-implant health. The properties of implant surfaces are essential for promoting osteoblastic cell adhesion, growth, and distribution, which are critical for maintaining stable anchorage. Additionally, implant surfaces should have antibacterial features to reduce the risk of peri-implant infections, which could adversely affect implant longevity and overall clinical outcomes. Advancements in surface modification techniques have led to the development of innovative coatings designed to enhance biological interactions and improve the long-term performance of dental implants. However, further research is needed to optimize implant materials and surface treatments and reduce clinical failure.