Introduction to Malignant Bone Tumors: Clinical Presentation and Diagnostic Imaging

Malignant bone tumors (BTs), though uncommon, are clinically important and often originate as metastases from cancers like breast, prostate, or lung. Symptoms include pain, swelling, or fractures, though some cases are incidental findings. Imaging is key for diagnosis and management, with X-rays, CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT guiding assessment. Bone metastases are most frequent, especially in the spine and pelvis. Primary BTs such as osteosarcoma or chondrosarcoma require early, tailored intervention. Advanced imaging modalities improve detection and monitoring. A multidisciplinary approach combining radiology, clinical input, and personalized therapy is essential for effective management.