Gender Diversity in the Middle Management Matters: Examining Gender Metrics for Organizational and Sustainable Success

Diversity is recognized as a core value for sustainable organizations. This study examines the specific impacts of gender diversity in middle management. While the literature often emphasizes the need for women’s access to top management and board positions, there is limited analysis of the benefits of women’s presence in middle management and its implications. Drawing from the recent work conducted by Joo et al. (Human Resource Management 62:765–785, 2023), the study posits that optimal levels of gender equality and inclusion are most likely achieved in a work environment with gender diversity across both the workforce and middle management. The analysis uses indicators relevant to assessing gender equality and inclusiveness within an organization, such as the incidence of sick leave among pregnant employees, the part-time work and resignation rates post-maternity, career advancements and key performance indicators (KPIs). The case study focuses on the National Centre for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), a radiotherapy facility integrated into the Italian healthcare system, notable for its unique treatment methods using protons and carbon ions. This empirical study observes and qualitatively interprets data from CNAO’s workforce from its inception to the present. The encouraging outcomes regarding the level of inclusiveness and gender equality are often in contrast with national and European findings. Research often focuses on the gaps women face in their careers, rather than on strategies to advance women in leadership. Gender inequalities in the workplace often arise from models based on traditional male roles and lifestyles. This suggests that organizations can promote gender inclusion through internal practices and policies. This study highlights the importance of diversity in middle management for advancing inclusive practices and contributing to the debate on gender equality. It offers insights for organizations aiming to make diversity a core value and lays the groundwork for future research.