Open questions in atmospheric turbulence: A synthesis from the centenary workshop “100 years of turbulence: Innsbruck 1922 -2022”

n this contribution, we summarize salient findings, discussion points, and community recommendations resulting from the workshop “100 Years of Turbulence: Innsbruck 1922 –2022”, held as a centenary celebration of the First meeting on “Hydro- and Aero-dynamics” that took place in Innsbruck in 1922. Participants from numerous countries and continents discussed the significant achievements and major remaining challenges related to atmospheric turbulence over different types of complex surfaces (inhomogeneous terrain, impact of orography, and large roughness elements such as trees or buildings), as well as stratified and non-stationary turbulence. For each of these contexts, directions for future research were proposed, recognizing that current numerical weather and climate models treat turbulence as an unresolved process at the grid-cell scale.