Wyclif ’s doctrine of predestination has often been examined primarily for its po-litical implications. This article aligns with studies that treat Wyclif ’s soteriology as subject in its own right, focusing on his earlier theological writings. It concentrates in particular on the De scientia Dei, where Wyclif addresses predestination, grace and merit, free will, and divine reward or punishment from a distinctive theoretical perspective, asking whether an object of divine knowledge can cause that knowledge by existing in time. This enquiry gives rise to a set of characteristic positions, including the claim that rational agents can gain merit before God only de congruo, and a concurrentist model according to which meritum de congruo is the undivided effect of two total causes: divine grace and human free will. The article concludes by tracing the development of these ideas in the slightly later De dominio divino. Overall, Wyclif ’s doctrine proves more nuanced than is commonly assumed.
La dottrina della predestinazione di Wyclif è stata spesso studiata per le sue implicazioni politiche. Il presente contributo considera invece la soteriologia di Wyclif come un oggetto di indagine a sé stante, concentrandosi sui suoi primi scritti teologici. In particolare, ripercorre l’analisi offerta nel De scientia Dei circa la predestinazione, la grazia e il merito, il libero arbitrio e la ricompensa o la punizione divine. Da tale indagine emergono una serie di posizioni caratteristiche, tra cui l’affermazione secondo cui l’agente razionale può ottenere merito presso Dio solo de congruo, e un modello concorrentista secondo il quale il meritum de congruo è l’effetto indiviso di due cause totali: la grazia divina e il libero arbitrio umano. Il contributo si conclude tracciando lo sviluppo di queste idee nel successivo De dominio divino. La dottrina che emerge risulta molto più sfumata di quanto ci si potrebbe aspettare da un autore spesso presentato come un rigido determinista.
Grace and predestination in the early Wyclif. The emergence of soteriological views in the De scientia Dei and other writings composed around the time of his inceptio in theology / L. Campi. - In: LEXICON PHILOSOPHICUM. - ISSN 2283-7833. - 13:(2025 Nov 19), pp. 167-212.
Grace and predestination in the early Wyclif. The emergence of soteriological views in the De scientia Dei and other writings composed around the time of his inceptio in theology
L. Campi
2025
Abstract
Wyclif ’s doctrine of predestination has often been examined primarily for its po-litical implications. This article aligns with studies that treat Wyclif ’s soteriology as subject in its own right, focusing on his earlier theological writings. It concentrates in particular on the De scientia Dei, where Wyclif addresses predestination, grace and merit, free will, and divine reward or punishment from a distinctive theoretical perspective, asking whether an object of divine knowledge can cause that knowledge by existing in time. This enquiry gives rise to a set of characteristic positions, including the claim that rational agents can gain merit before God only de congruo, and a concurrentist model according to which meritum de congruo is the undivided effect of two total causes: divine grace and human free will. The article concludes by tracing the development of these ideas in the slightly later De dominio divino. Overall, Wyclif ’s doctrine proves more nuanced than is commonly assumed.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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