Implementing a peer-to-peer digital literacy course for older adults: impact on device use, digital competence, attitudes and well-being

The development of digital competencies among older adults is increasingly recognised as a priority to help them navigate societal changes driven by digital transformation. Greater digital compe tence in later life can enhance social connectivity and access to essential services while reducing the risks of digital exclusion. Peer- to-peer learning, where digitally proficient older adults teach their peers, has emerged as a promising yet underexplored approach to fostering digital skills. To further investigate this method, we co- designed and implemented a peer-led digital literacy course on smartphone use for older adults in Northern Italy, involving 32 participants aged 65 and older. This study assesses the course’s impact using a comprehensive methodology, including pre- and post-course surveys and smartphone activity monitoring via an app. Our findings indicate that while overall smartphone use did not significantly change, participants engaged more frequently with public transportation, medical services, and navigation apps, while shopping app usage declined. Survey results showed a clear improvement in digital competencies, though attitudes towards technology and perceived wellbeing—measured by technostress and life satisfaction—remained unchanged. The study underscores the feasibility and effectiveness of peer-led digital literacy pro grammes and offers practical guidelines for future implementations.