Vetus Sed Utilis: Open Window Thoracostomy after Lung Surgery

Introduction Open window thoracostomy (OWT) is an ancient surgical intervention, born for managing chronic thoracic infectious diseases. Our goal is to report our 25-year experience in the management of these patients, focusing on its feasibility and usefulness in our modern era. Methods We retrospectively reviewed our database (1999-2024), reporting all clinical preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data of patients undergoing OWT for treating chronic empyema, linked to broncho-pleural fistula after lung resection, or not. Data were collected on the type of original surgical intervention, perioperative and postoperative management, 30- and 90-day mortality, overall survival, and following reintervention to close OWT. Results Sixty-six OWTs were performed to treat acute and chronic septic complications due to original lung intervention for cancer. OWT was performed for treating a late broncho-pleural fistula after pneumonectomy (56 cases; 85%) or after lobectomy (8 cases; 12%) or pleural chronic empyema (2 cases; 3%). Thirty- and 90-day mortality after OWT following pneumonectomy was 3% (2 patients) and 6% (4 patients), respectively. No 30- and 90-day death was observed in the other patients. In 15 out of 66 patients (22.7%), OWT was closed by muscle, skin, or omentum flaps. No statistical differences were observed comparing the survival of the patients undergoing or not undergoing OWT closure, after pneumonectomy (p = 0.59). Conclusion OWT is a safe, feasible, and sometimes mandatory technique for the management of chronic infectious issues linked to broncho-pleural fistula (BPF) after lung surgery. It is well tolerated by guaranteeing an appropriate quality of life.