Unraveling the role of mitochondrial dynamics in cancer stem cells: Molecular basis and therapeutic implications

Many tumors consist of heterogeneous cell populations derived from a minority of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which possess distinct metabolic profiles that contribute to resistance against conventional anticancer therapy and increase the risk of tumor relapse. These unique CSC phenotypes are largely supported by altered mitochondrial function and turnover, regulated through continuous cycles of mitochondrial biogenesis, fission, fusion, and mitophagy. Consequently, understanding mitochondrial regulatory mechanisms in CSCs could reveal novel targets for cancer therapy. This article explores how mitochondrial dynamics contribute to CSC metabolic adaptation and drug resistance, alongside recent advances in the development of mitochondria-targeted drugs and their therapeutic usage.