Optimal skeletal anchorage in orthodontics: A scoping review

The purposes of this paper was to compare the relevant findings in the literature regarding different orthodontic anchorage, the biologic background for a desired control of anchorage and the different kinds of techniques depending on the movement that must be obtaine. A scoping review of the literature on orthodontic anchorage has been done on US National Library of Medicine on Medline database (www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov/ pubmed), Scopus, Livivo, Google Scholar, and international books relevant to the topic. The keywords chosen were skeletal orthodontic anchorage and (miniscrew). Fifteen articles, focused on the quality of anchorage and biological basis, were selected. The traditional notion of a linear relationship between force and tooth displacement is challenged by individual variations and the phenomenon of hyalinization. Strategies for maintaining anchorage include distributing forces over multiple teeth to avoid excessive pressure and traumatic effects. Different anchorage methods, such as reinforced, stationary, and cortical anchoring, aim to control tooth movement while minimizing unwanted side effects, emphasizing the importance of optimal force application for effective orthodontic treatment. This review provides orthodontists with a comprehensive guideline to optimize skeletal anchorage.