The spatio-temporal evolution of groundwater chemistry has seen an increase in interest over the last decade at a global level. Identifying and discerning the sources of the natural and anthropogenic compounds and the actual hydrochemical processes, as well as their evolution, is essential to support a sustainable planning for managing and protecting groundwater resources at the present time and in the future. The main objective of this study is the comparison of two study areas in Italy (Piedmont and Campania Regions), different in their geographical and geological contexts and climate conditions, to highlight the similarities and differences in the hydrogeochemical behavior in space and time. Three main ions were considered (NO3–, SO42–, Na+) and analyzed to identify the sources and hydrochemical processes responsible for their spatial distribution in the 2015-2020 period and evaluate the existence and the potential causes of trends in their concentration for the 2000-2020 period. Results highlight specific factors and processes distinguishing the spatial distribution and temporal variability of ion concentrations in Piedmont and Campania study areas. These processes are mainly related to the geological and geographical features of the study areas. In both areas, a significant influence of anthropogenic pressures emerges for both spatial and temporal evolutions, with remarkably increasing trends in NO3– concentrations. In conclusion, some factors and processes emerge as site-specific, mainly related to the geological aspects and natural hydrochemical processes, whereas others are in common (i.e., anthropogenic impacts); thus, reinforcing the advantage of making comparative studies.
L’interesse per l’evoluzione spazio-temporale delle caratteristiche chimiche delle acque sotterranee è aumentato a livello globale nell’ultimo decennio. Identificare e distinguere le fonti dei composti naturali ed antropici ed i processi idrochimici attuali, così come la loro evoluzione, è essenziale per supportate una pianificazione sostenibile per la gestione e protezione delle risorse idriche sotterranee, nel presente e nel futuro. Il principale obiettivo di questo studio è il confronto tra due aree di studio in Italia (Regioni Piemonte e Campania), differenti per contesti geografici e geologici e condizioni climatiche, per evidenziare similitudini e differenze nel comportamento idrogeochimico delle acque sotterranee nello spazio e nel tempo. Sono stati considerati tre ioni principali (NO3 –, SO4 2–, Na+) ed analizzati per identificare le fonti ed i processi idrochimici responsabili della loro distribuzione spaziale nel periodo 2015-2020 e valutare l’esistenza e le potenziali cause di trend nelle loro concentrazioni nel periodo 2000-2020. I risultati evidenziano fattori e processi specifici che caratterizzano la distribuzione spaziale e la variabilità temporale delle concentrazioni degli ioni nelle aree di studio in Piemonte e Campania. Questi processi sono principalmente legati alle caratteristiche geologiche e geografiche delle aree di studio. In entrambe le aree si osserva un impatto significativo delle pressioni antropiche sia nella distribuzione spaziale e sia nell’evoluzione temporale, con cospicui aumenti delle concentrazioni di NO3 – nel tempo. In conclusione, alcuni fattori e processi sono risultati sito-specifici, principalmente legati agli aspetti geologici e ai processi idrochimici naturali, mentre altri sono comuni alle due aree di studio (i.e., impatti antropici); ciò, rafforza il vantaggio del condurre studi di confronto tra aree geografiche differenti.
Spatio-temporal variability of groundwater hydrochemical features in different hydrogeological settings in Piedmont and Campania regions (Italy), a comparative study / D. Cocca, S. Stevenazzi, D. Ducci, D.A. De Luca, M. Lasagna. - In: ACQUE SOTTERRANEE. - ISSN 1828-454X. - 13:1(2024), pp. 29-45. [10.7343/as-2024-748]
Spatio-temporal variability of groundwater hydrochemical features in different hydrogeological settings in Piedmont and Campania regions (Italy), a comparative study
S. Stevenazzi
Secondo
;
2024
Abstract
The spatio-temporal evolution of groundwater chemistry has seen an increase in interest over the last decade at a global level. Identifying and discerning the sources of the natural and anthropogenic compounds and the actual hydrochemical processes, as well as their evolution, is essential to support a sustainable planning for managing and protecting groundwater resources at the present time and in the future. The main objective of this study is the comparison of two study areas in Italy (Piedmont and Campania Regions), different in their geographical and geological contexts and climate conditions, to highlight the similarities and differences in the hydrogeochemical behavior in space and time. Three main ions were considered (NO3–, SO42–, Na+) and analyzed to identify the sources and hydrochemical processes responsible for their spatial distribution in the 2015-2020 period and evaluate the existence and the potential causes of trends in their concentration for the 2000-2020 period. Results highlight specific factors and processes distinguishing the spatial distribution and temporal variability of ion concentrations in Piedmont and Campania study areas. These processes are mainly related to the geological and geographical features of the study areas. In both areas, a significant influence of anthropogenic pressures emerges for both spatial and temporal evolutions, with remarkably increasing trends in NO3– concentrations. In conclusion, some factors and processes emerge as site-specific, mainly related to the geological aspects and natural hydrochemical processes, whereas others are in common (i.e., anthropogenic impacts); thus, reinforcing the advantage of making comparative studies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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