Clinical features and management of thoracic endometriosis: a 20-year monocentric retrospective study

Purpose: Although thoracic endometriosis (TE) represents the most common manifestation of extra-pelvic endometriosis, it is a rare condition and currently there is no established clinical guideline for the management of this condition. The study's primary objective was to assess patient satisfaction with the treatment provided. A secondary objective was to investigate the efficacy of different treatment modalities in terms of symptom and lesion recurrence. Methods: A retrospective review of the clinical records of all women with TE who had been referred to our institution, a tertiary referral center, was conducted between January 2000 and September 2021. A frequency analysis was performed for all the variables examined in the study. The Kaplan–Meier method was adopted to analyse the time from thoracic surgery to PNX recurrence. Lastly, an intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Results: Regarding clinical presentation, 50% of women (30/60; 95% CI 36.8–63.2) experienced at least one episode of pneumothorax (PNX). A total of 61.7% of the women in the study underwent surgical intervention, while 36.6% received pharmacological treatment. The cumulative recurrence rate of the first PNX following surgery was 0.26 (0.13–0.41) and 0.82 (0.44–0.95) at six months and 240 months, respectively. At the follow-up assessment, regardless of the administered treatment modality, over half of the women included in the study reported being satisfied with their treatment (PGIC). Additionally, most of them described their overall condition as having improved since the onset of the treatment (PGIS). Conclusion: Both surgical and pharmacological treatments are valuable options for TE. Rather than being considered mutually exclusive, these approaches should be viewed as complementary.