Chirurgia robotica nel trattamento del tumore della tiroide

Thyroid cancer is one of the most common malignant endocrine tumours, necessitating effective surgical interventions. Conventional open cervical thyroidectomy has long been the standard approach. The emergence of robotic surgery has introduced new opportunities for performing minimally invasive procedures, offering advantages such as improved cosmetic outcomes, enhanced precision, comparable complication rates, and shorter recovery times. This study reviews the most widely adopted robotic thyroidectomy approaches, including the transaxillary approach, the bilateral axillo-breast approach, and the transoral approach. It examines the current role of robotic surgery in thyroid cancer treatment, comparing its efficacy, safety, and outcomes with those of conventional open thyroidectomy. Challenges include longer operative times and higher costs. Future directions involve advancements in technology, telesurgery, single-port surgery, and the integration of artificial intelligence.