Impact of bisphosphonate therapy on dental implant outcomes: a literature review of bone healing, stability, and peri-implant tissue health

Aim. This literature review aims to evaluate the impact of bisphosphonate therapy on dental implant outcomes by analyzing clinical studies, including randomized controlled trials and multicentric studies, to guide clinicians in managing patients receiving bisphosphonates. Materials and Methods. Studies published in the past 15 years were selected, focusing on human subjects who underwent implant therapy without contraindications. Data were gathered from scientific databases like Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar using the keywords "(bisphosphonate) AND (dental implant)." Only randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, and multicentric studies were included. Clinical outcomes such as bleeding on probing, probing depth, implant mobility, marginal bone loss, implant stability, and bone mineral density were assessed. Results. Nine studies from an initial 312 were included. Bisphosphonate-coated implants showed slightly better marginal bone preservation and implant survival than uncoated implants, though the difference was not statistically significant. No cases of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw were observed in most studies, though complications occurred in high-risk patients. Bisphosphonates appeared to have a less adverse effect on bone healing after implant osseointegration. Conclusions. Bisphosphonates can benefit bone preservation around dental implants, but careful management is essential. Further research is needed to standardize treatment protocols for implant therapy in bisphosphonate-treated patients.