At the beginning of the 20th century, European merchant ships unloaded at Muskat, on the western coast of the Persian Gulf, large quantities of arms and ammunition. To a large extent these military supplies were transported by Arab nakhudas to Baluchistan and from there to southern Afghanistan, where they were used by Pashtun militias against the British. A substantial portion was re-exported from Muskat to the Somali coast, fuelling the Mullist revolt and Abyssinian claims to the detriment of the interests of Britain and Italy. With the aim of countering the re-export of arms and ammunition to East Africa, in 1909 the Italian authorities entrusted an informal agent of Eritrean origin with the task of gathering information on vessels leaving Muskat. This article first analyses, in the context of British and Italian colonial interests, which were not always entirely coincidental, the extent and nature of arms smuggling in the Persian Gulf. It then reconstructs, based on archival sources, the decision by the Italian government to send the Eritrean agent to Muskat and the effectiveness of this measure.
All’inizio del XX secolo i mercantili europei scaricavano a Mascate, sulla costa occidentale del Golfo Persico, quantità ingenti di armi e munizioni, che in larga misura venivano trasportate da nakhuda arabi verso il Baluchistan e, di lì, verso l’Afghanistan meridionale, dove erano utilizzate dalle milizie pashtun in funzione anti-britannica. Una parte consistente era invece riesportata verso la costa dei Somali, alimentando la rivolta mullista e le rivendicazioni abissine a detrimento degli interessi di Gran Bretagna e Regno d’Italia. Con il fine di contrastare la riesportazione di armi e munizioni verso l’Africa orientale, nel 1909 le autorità italiane affidarono il compito di raccogliere informazioni sulle imbarcazioni in partenza da Mascate a un agente informale di origine eritrea. In questo articolo si analizza innanzitutto, nel contesto degli interessi britannici e italiani, non sempre del tutto coincidenti, l’entità e la natura del contrabbando di armi nel Golfo. Si ricostruisce quindi, sulla base di fonti di archivio, la decisione di inviare l’agente eritreo a Mascate e l’efficacia di questa misura.
Sultano rifiuta consultare meco : La missione di Umberto Omar a Mascate e il contrabbando di armi verso l’Afghanistan e la Costa dei Somali (1909-1911) / E. Giunchi. - In: NUOVA RIVISTA STORICA. - ISSN 0029-6236. - 109:1(2025), pp. 211-232.
Sultano rifiuta consultare meco : La missione di Umberto Omar a Mascate e il contrabbando di armi verso l’Afghanistan e la Costa dei Somali (1909-1911)
E. Giunchi
2025
Abstract
At the beginning of the 20th century, European merchant ships unloaded at Muskat, on the western coast of the Persian Gulf, large quantities of arms and ammunition. To a large extent these military supplies were transported by Arab nakhudas to Baluchistan and from there to southern Afghanistan, where they were used by Pashtun militias against the British. A substantial portion was re-exported from Muskat to the Somali coast, fuelling the Mullist revolt and Abyssinian claims to the detriment of the interests of Britain and Italy. With the aim of countering the re-export of arms and ammunition to East Africa, in 1909 the Italian authorities entrusted an informal agent of Eritrean origin with the task of gathering information on vessels leaving Muskat. This article first analyses, in the context of British and Italian colonial interests, which were not always entirely coincidental, the extent and nature of arms smuggling in the Persian Gulf. It then reconstructs, based on archival sources, the decision by the Italian government to send the Eritrean agent to Muskat and the effectiveness of this measure.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Umberto Omar NRS.pdf
accesso riservato
Tipologia:
Publisher's version/PDF
Dimensione
221.68 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
221.68 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri Richiedi una copia |
Pubblicazioni consigliate
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.




