Euclid preparation I. The Euclid Wide Survey

Scaramella, R.; Amiaux, J.; Mellier, Y.; Burigana, C.; Carvalho, C.S.; Cuillandre, J.-.; Da Silva, A.; Derosa, A.; Dinis, J.; Maiorano, E.; Maris, M.; Tereno, I.; Laureijs, R.; Boenke, T.; Buenadicha, G.; Dupac, X.; Gaspar Venancio, L.M.; Gómez-Álvarez, P.; Hoar, J.; Lorenzo Alvarez, J.; Racca, G.D.; Saavedra-Criado, G.; Schwartz, J.; Vavrek, R.; Schirmer, M.; Aussel, H.; Azzollini, R.; Cardone, V.F.; Cropper, M.; Ealet, A.; Garilli, B.; Gillard, W.; Granett, B.R.; Guzzo, L.; Hoekstra, H.; Jahnke, K.; Kitching, T.; Maciaszek, T.; Meneghetti, M.; Miller, L.; Nakajima, R.; Niemi, S.M.; Pasian, F.; Percival, W.J.; Pottinger, S.; Sauvage, M.; Scodeggio, M.; Wachter, S.; Zacchei, A.; Aghanim, N.; Amara, A.; Auphan, T.; Auricchio, N.; Awan, S.; Balestra, A.; Bender, R.; Bodendorf, C.; Bonino, D.; Branchini, E.; Brau-Nogue, S.; Brescia, M.; Candini, G.P.; Capobianco, V.; Carbone, C.; Carlberg, R.G.; Carretero, J.; Casas, R.; Castander, F.J.; Castellano, M.; Cavuoti, S.; Cimatti, A.; Cledassou, R.; Congedo, G.; Conselice, C.J.; Conversi, L.; Copin, Y.; Corcione, L.; Costille, A.; Courbin, F.; Degaudenzi, H.; Douspis, M.; Dubath, F.; Duncan, C.A.J.; Dusini, S.; Farrens, S.; Ferriol, S.; Fosalba, P.; Fourmanoit, N.; Frailis, M.; Franceschi, E.; Franzetti, P.; Fumana, M.; Gillis, B.; Giocoli, C.; Grazian, A.; Grupp, F.; Haugan, S.V.H.; Holmes, W.; Hormuth, F.; Hudelot, P.; Kermiche, S.; Kiessling, A.; Kilbinger, M.; Kohley, R.; Kubik, B.; Kümmel, M.; Kunz, M.; Kurki-Suonio, H.; Lahav, O.; Ligori, S.; Lilje, P.B.; Lloro, I.; Mansutti, O.; Marggraf, O.; Markovic, K.; Marulli, F.; Massey, R.; Maurogordato, S.; Melchior, M.; Merlin, E.; Meylan, G.; Mohr, J.J.; Moresco, M.; Morin, B.; Moscardini, L.; Munari, E.; Nichol, R.C.; Padilla, C.; Paltani, S.; Peacock, J.; Pedersen, K.; Pettorino, V.; Pires, S.; Poncet, M.; Popa, L.; Pozzetti, L.; Raison, F.; Rebolo, R.; Rhodes, J.; Rix, H.-.; Roncarelli, M.; Rossetti, E.; Saglia, R.; Schneider, P.; Schrabback, T.; Secroun, A.; Seidel, G.; Serrano, S.; Sirignano, C.; Sirri, G.; Skottfelt, J.; Stanco, L.; Starck, J.L.; Tallada-Crespí, P.; Tavagnacco, D.; Taylor, A.N.; Teplitz, H.I.; Toledo-Moreo, R.; Torradeflot, F.; Trifoglio, M.; Valentijn, E.A.; Valenziano, L.; Verdoes Kleijn, G.A.; Wang, Y.; Welikala, N.; Weller, J.; Wetzstein, M.; Zamorani, G.; Zoubian, J.; Andreon, S.; Baldi, M.; Bardelli, S.; Boucaud, A.; Camera, S.; Di Ferdinando, D.; Fabbian, G.; Farinelli, R.; Galeotta, S.; Graciá-Carpio, J.; Maino, D.; Medinaceli, E.; Mei, S.; Neissner, C.; Polenta, G.; Renzi, A.; Romelli, E.; Rosset, C.; Sureau, F.; Tenti, M.; Vassallo, T.; Zucca, E.; Baccigalupi, C.; Balaguera-Antolínez, A.; Battaglia, P.; Biviano, A.; Borgani, S.; Bozzo, E.; Cabanac, R.; Cappi, A.; Casas, S.; Castignani, G.; Colodro-Conde, C.; Coupon, J.; Courtois, H.M.; Cuby, J.; De La Torre, S.; Desai, S.; Dole, H.; Fabricius, M.; Farina, M.; Ferreira, P.G.; Finelli, F.; Flose-Reimberg, P.; Fotopoulou, S.; Ganga, K.; Gozaliasl, G.; Hook, I.M.; Keihanen, E.; Kirkpatrick, C.C.; Liebing, P.; Lindholm, V.; Mainetti, G.; Martinelli, M.; Martinet, N.; Maturi, M.; Mccracken, H.J.; Metcalf, R.B.; Morgante, G.; Nightingale, J.; Nucita, A.; Patrizii, L.; Potter, D.; Riccio, G.; Sánchez, A.G.; Sapone, D.; Schewtschenko, J.A.; Schultheis, M.; Scottez, V.; Teyssier, R.; Tutusaus, I.; Valiviita, J.; Viel, M.; Vriend, W.; Whittaker, L.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141938

Euclid is a mission of the European Space Agency that is designed to constrain the properties of dark energy and gravity via weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering. It will carry out a wide area imaging and spectroscopy survey (the Euclid Wide Survey: EWS) in visible and near-infrared bands, covering approximately 15 000 deg2 of extragalactic sky in six years. The wide-field telescope and instruments are optimised for pristine point spread function and reduced stray light, producing very crisp images. This paper presents the building of the Euclid reference survey: The sequence of pointings of EWS, deep fields, and calibration fields, as well as spacecraft movements followed by Euclid as it operates in a step-And-stare mode from its orbit around the Lagrange point L2. Each EWS pointing has four dithered frames; we simulated the dither pattern at the pixel level to analyse the effective coverage. We used up-To-date models for the sky background to define the Euclid region-of-interest (RoI). The building of the reference survey is highly constrained from calibration cadences, spacecraft constraints, and background levels; synergies with ground-based coverage were also considered. Via purposely built software, we first generated a schedule for the calibrations and deep fields observations. On a second stage, the RoI was tiled and scheduled with EWS observations, using an algorithm optimised to prioritise the best sky areas, produce a compact coverage, and ensure thermal stability. The result is the optimised reference survey RSD-2021A, which fulfils all constraints and is a good proxy for the final solution. The current EWS covers ∼14.500 deg2. The limiting AB magnitudes (5ρpoint-like source) achieved in its footprint are estimated to be 26.2 (visible band IE) and 24.5 (for near infrared bands YE, JE, HE); for spectroscopy, the Hα line flux limit is 2.10-16 erg-1 cm-2 s-1 at 1600 nm; and for diffuse emission, the surface brightness limits are 29.8 (visible band) and 28.4 (near infrared bands) mag arcsec-2.

Euclid preparation I. The Euclid Wide Survey / R. Scaramella, J. Amiaux, Y. Mellier, C. Burigana, C.S. Carvalho, J.-. Cuillandre, A. Da Silva, A. Derosa, J. Dinis, E. Maiorano, M. Maris, I. Tereno, R. Laureijs, T. Boenke, G. Buenadicha, X. Dupac, L.M. Gaspar Venancio, P. Gómez-Álvarez, J. Hoar, J. Lorenzo Alvarez, G.D. Racca, G. Saavedra-Criado, J. Schwartz, R. Vavrek, M. Schirmer, H. Aussel, R. Azzollini, V.F. Cardone, M. Cropper, A. Ealet, B. Garilli, W. Gillard, B.R. Granett, L. Guzzo, H. Hoekstra, K. Jahnke, T. Kitching, T. Maciaszek, M. Meneghetti, L. Miller, R. Nakajima, S.M. Niemi, F. Pasian, W.J. Percival, S. Pottinger, M. Sauvage, M. Scodeggio, S. Wachter, A. Zacchei, N. Aghanim, A. Amara, T. Auphan, N. Auricchio, S. Awan, A. Balestra, R. Bender, C. Bodendorf, D. Bonino, E. Branchini, S. Brau-Nogue, M. Brescia, G.P. Candini, V. Capobianco, C. Carbone, R.G. Carlberg, J. Carretero, R. Casas, F.J. Castander, M. Castellano, S. Cavuoti, A. Cimatti, R. Cledassou, G. Congedo, C.J. Conselice, L. Conversi, Y. Copin, L. Corcione, A. Costille, F. Courbin, H. Degaudenzi, M. Douspis, F. Dubath, C.A.J. Duncan, S. Dusini, S. Farrens, S. Ferriol, P. Fosalba, N. Fourmanoit, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, P. Franzetti, M. Fumana, B. Gillis, C. Giocoli, A. Grazian, F. Grupp, S.V.H. Haugan, W. Holmes, F. Hormuth, P. Hudelot, S. Kermiche, A. Kiessling, M. Kilbinger, R. Kohley, B. Kubik, M. Kümmel, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, O. Lahav, S. Ligori, P.B. Lilje, I. Lloro, O. Mansutti, O. Marggraf, K. Markovic, F. Marulli, R. Massey, S. Maurogordato, M. Melchior, E. Merlin, G. Meylan, J.J. Mohr, M. Moresco, B. Morin, L. Moscardini, E. Munari, R.C. Nichol, C. Padilla, S. Paltani, J. Peacock, K. Pedersen, V. Pettorino, S. Pires, M. Poncet, L. Popa, L. Pozzetti, F. Raison, R. Rebolo, J. Rhodes, H.-. Rix, M. Roncarelli, E. Rossetti, R. Saglia, P. Schneider, T. Schrabback, A. Secroun, G. Seidel, S. Serrano, C. Sirignano, G. Sirri, J. Skottfelt, L. Stanco, J.L. Starck, P. Tallada-Crespí, D. Tavagnacco, A.N. Taylor, H.I. Teplitz, R. Toledo-Moreo, F. Torradeflot, M. Trifoglio, E.A. Valentijn, L. Valenziano, G.A. Verdoes Kleijn, Y. Wang, N. Welikala, J. Weller, M. Wetzstein, G. Zamorani, J. Zoubian, S. Andreon, M. Baldi, S. Bardelli, A. Boucaud, S. Camera, D. Di Ferdinando, G. Fabbian, R. Farinelli, S. Galeotta, J. Graciá-Carpio, D. Maino, E. Medinaceli, S. Mei, C. Neissner, G. Polenta, A. Renzi, E. Romelli, C. Rosset, F. Sureau, M. Tenti, T. Vassallo, E. Zucca, C. Baccigalupi, A. Balaguera-Antolínez, P. Battaglia, A. Biviano, S. Borgani, E. Bozzo, R. Cabanac, A. Cappi, S. Casas, G. Castignani, C. Colodro-Conde, J. Coupon, H.M. Courtois, J. Cuby, S. de la Torre, S. Desai, H. Dole, M. Fabricius, M. Farina, P.G. Ferreira, F. Finelli, P. Flose-Reimberg, S. Fotopoulou, K. Ganga, G. Gozaliasl, I.M. Hook, E. Keihanen, C.C. Kirkpatrick, P. Liebing, V. Lindholm, G. Mainetti, M. Martinelli, N. Martinet, M. Maturi, H.J. Mccracken, R.B. Metcalf, G. Morgante, J. Nightingale, A. Nucita, L. Patrizii, D. Potter, G. Riccio, A.G. Sánchez, D. Sapone, J.A. Schewtschenko, M. Schultheis, V. Scottez, R. Teyssier, I. Tutusaus, J. Valiviita, M. Viel, W. Vriend, L. Whittaker. - In: ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS. - ISSN 0004-6361. - 662:(2022 Jun), pp. A112.1-A112.41. [10.1051/0004-6361/202141938]

Euclid preparation I. The Euclid Wide Survey

Scaramella, R.;Amiaux, J.;Mellier, Y.;Burigana, C.;Carvalho, C. S.;Cuillandre, J. -C.;Da Silva, A.;Derosa, A.;Dinis, J.;Maiorano, E.;Maris, M.;Tereno, I.;Laureijs, R.;Boenke, T.;Buenadicha, G.;Dupac, X.;Gaspar Venancio, L. M.;Gómez-Álvarez, P.;Hoar, J.;Lorenzo Alvarez, J.;Racca, G. D.;Saavedra-Criado, G.;Schwartz, J.;Vavrek, R.;Schirmer, M.;Aussel, H.;Azzollini, R.;Cardone, V. F.;Cropper, M.;Ealet, A.;Garilli, B.;Gillard, W.;Granett, B. R.;L. Guzzo;Hoekstra, H.;Jahnke, K.;Kitching, T.;Maciaszek, T.;Meneghetti, M.;Miller, L.;Nakajima, R.;Niemi, S. M.;Pasian, F.;Percival, W. J.;Pottinger, S.;Sauvage, M.;Scodeggio, M.;Wachter, S.;Zacchei, A.;Aghanim, N.;Amara, A.;Auphan, T.;Auricchio, N.;Awan, S.;Balestra, A.;Bender, R.;Bodendorf, C.;Bonino, D.;Branchini, E.;Brau-Nogue, S.;Brescia, M.;Candini, G. P.;Capobianco, V.;Carbone, C.;Carlberg, R. G.;Carretero, J.;Casas, R.;Castander, F. J.;Castellano, M.;Cavuoti, S.;Cimatti, A.;Cledassou, R.;Congedo, G.;Conselice, C. J.;Conversi, L.;Copin, Y.;Corcione, L.;Costille, A.;Courbin, F.;Degaudenzi, H.;Douspis, M.;Dubath, F.;Duncan, C. A. J.;Dusini, S.;Farrens, S.;Ferriol, S.;Fosalba, P.;Fourmanoit, N.;Frailis, M.;Franceschi, E.;Franzetti, P.;Fumana, M.;Gillis, B.;Giocoli, C.;Grazian, A.;Grupp, F.;Haugan, S. V. H.;Holmes, W.;Hormuth, F.;Hudelot, P.;Kermiche, S.;Kiessling, A.;Kilbinger, M.;Kohley, R.;Kubik, B.;Kümmel, M.;Kunz, M.;Kurki-Suonio, H.;Lahav, O.;Ligori, S.;Lilje, P. B.;Lloro, I.;Mansutti, O.;Marggraf, O.;Markovic, K.;Marulli, F.;Massey, R.;Maurogordato, S.;Melchior, M.;Merlin, E.;Meylan, G.;Mohr, J. J.;Moresco, M.;Morin, B.;Moscardini, L.;Munari, E.;Nichol, R. C.;Padilla, C.;Paltani, S.;Peacock, J.;Pedersen, K.;Pettorino, V.;Pires, S.;Poncet, M.;Popa, L.;Pozzetti, L.;Raison, F.;Rebolo, R.;Rhodes, J.;Rix, H. -W.;Roncarelli, M.;Rossetti, E.;Saglia, R.;Schneider, P.;Schrabback, T.;Secroun, A.;Seidel, G.;Serrano, S.;Sirignano, C.;Sirri, G.;Skottfelt, J.;Stanco, L.;Starck, J. L.;Tallada-Crespí, P.;Tavagnacco, D.;Taylor, A. N.;Teplitz, H. I.;Toledo-Moreo, R.;Torradeflot, F.;Trifoglio, M.;Valentijn, E. A.;Valenziano, L.;Verdoes Kleijn, G. A.;Wang, Y.;Welikala, N.;Weller, J.;Wetzstein, M.;Zamorani, G.;Zoubian, J.;Andreon, S.;Baldi, M.;Bardelli, S.;Boucaud, A.;Camera, S.;Di Ferdinando, D.;Fabbian, G.;Farinelli, R.;Galeotta, S.;Graciá-Carpio, J.;D. Maino;Medinaceli, E.;Mei, S.;Neissner, C.;Polenta, G.;Renzi, A.;Romelli, E.;Rosset, C.;Sureau, F.;Tenti, M.;Vassallo, T.;Zucca, E.;Baccigalupi, C.;Balaguera-Antolínez, A.;Battaglia, P.;Biviano, A.;Borgani, S.;Bozzo, E.;Cabanac, R.;Cappi, A.;Casas, S.;Castignani, G.;Colodro-Conde, C.;Coupon, J.;Courtois, H. M.;Cuby, J.;de la Torre, S.;Desai, S.;Dole, H.;Fabricius, M.;Farina, M.;Ferreira, P. G.;Finelli, F.;Flose-Reimberg, P.;Fotopoulou, S.;Ganga, K.;Gozaliasl, G.;Hook, I. M.;Keihanen, E.;Kirkpatrick, C. C.;Liebing, P.;Lindholm, V.;Mainetti, G.;Martinelli, M.;Martinet, N.;Maturi, M.;McCracken, H. J.;Metcalf, R. B.;Morgante, G.;Nightingale, J.;Nucita, A.;Patrizii, L.;Potter, D.;Riccio, G.;Sánchez, A. G.;Sapone, D.;Schewtschenko, J. A.;Schultheis, M.;Scottez, V.;Teyssier, R.;Tutusaus, I.;Valiviita, J.;Viel, M.;Vriend, W.;Whittaker, L.

2022

Abstract

Euclid is a mission of the European Space Agency that is designed to constrain the properties of dark energy and gravity via weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering. It will carry out a wide area imaging and spectroscopy survey (the Euclid Wide Survey: EWS) in visible and near-infrared bands, covering approximately 15 000 deg2 of extragalactic sky in six years. The wide-field telescope and instruments are optimised for pristine point spread function and reduced stray light, producing very crisp images. This paper presents the building of the Euclid reference survey: The sequence of pointings of EWS, deep fields, and calibration fields, as well as spacecraft movements followed by Euclid as it operates in a step-And-stare mode from its orbit around the Lagrange point L2. Each EWS pointing has four dithered frames; we simulated the dither pattern at the pixel level to analyse the effective coverage. We used up-To-date models for the sky background to define the Euclid region-of-interest (RoI). The building of the reference survey is highly constrained from calibration cadences, spacecraft constraints, and background levels; synergies with ground-based coverage were also considered. Via purposely built software, we first generated a schedule for the calibrations and deep fields observations. On a second stage, the RoI was tiled and scheduled with EWS observations, using an algorithm optimised to prioritise the best sky areas, produce a compact coverage, and ensure thermal stability. The result is the optimised reference survey RSD-2021A, which fulfils all constraints and is a good proxy for the final solution. The current EWS covers ∼14.500 deg2. The limiting AB magnitudes (5ρpoint-like source) achieved in its footprint are estimated to be 26.2 (visible band IE) and 24.5 (for near infrared bands YE, JE, HE); for spectroscopy, the Hα line flux limit is 2.10-16 erg-1 cm-2 s-1 at 1600 nm; and for diffuse emission, the surface brightness limits are 29.8 (visible band) and 28.4 (near infrared bands) mag arcsec-2.

Scheda breve

Scheda completa

Scheda completa (DC)

	Parole chiave
	
				Dark energy; Dark matter; Methods: numerical; Space vehicles; Surveys;
			
	Settori scientifico-disciplinari dell'articolo (validi dal 09/05/2024)
	
				Settore PHYS-05/A - Astrofisica, cosmologia e scienza dello spazio
			
	Data di pubblicazione
	
				giu-2022
			
	Data ahead of print o data di stampa
	
				28-giu-2022
			
	Rivista in ANCE
	
				ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
			
	DOI
	
				https://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141938
			
	Tipologia
	
				Article (author)
			
	Appare nelle tipologie:
	
				01 - Articolo su periodico

File in questo prodotto:

File	Dimensione	Formato
ScaramellaEuclidSurvey1_aa41938-21(1)_compressed.pdf accesso riservato Tipologia: Publisher's version/PDF Dimensione 4.58 MB Formato Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri Richiedi una copia	4.58 MB	Adobe PDF	Visualizza/Apri Richiedi una copia
ScaramellaEuclidSurvey1_aa41938-21(1).pdf accesso riservato Tipologia: Publisher's version/PDF Dimensione 25.48 MB Formato Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri Richiedi una copia	25.48 MB	Adobe PDF	Visualizza/Apri Richiedi una copia
2108.01201v1.pdf accesso aperto Tipologia: Post-print, accepted manuscript ecc. (versione accettata dall'editore) Dimensione 42.06 MB Formato Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri	42.06 MB	Adobe PDF	Visualizza/Apri

Pubblicazioni consigliate

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/2434/1135175

Citazioni

ND

258

210

ND

IRIS Institutional Research Information System - AIR Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca